Journal of Engineering and Science is a peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes original research, reviews, and technical reports across the broad spectrum of engineering disciplines and scientific fields. The journal aims to bridge the gap between theoretical advancements and practical applications in engineering and science, fostering interdisciplinary collaboration and innovation. Covering areas such as mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, civil engineering, chemical engineering, materials science, physics, chemistry, and applied mathematics, this journal provides a platform for researchers, scientists, engineers, and academics to disseminate their findings and contribute to technological progress. Indonesian Template Download English Template Download
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Transformer Oil Failure Analysis Based on Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) Test Using Breakdown Voltage and Fuzzy Logic Methods
A common problem that occurs in transformers is failure of the insulating oil. One solution to prevent this disruption is to analyze indications of insulating oil failure. Several previous studies on the analysis of transformer insulating oil failure were based on dissolved gas content tests of transformer oil samples. The research was conducted using several methods in processing dissolved gas test results data, such as the TDCG (Total Dissolved Combustible Gas), Roger's Ratio, and Duval's Triangle methods. In this study, two methods were used for comparison, namely the Breakdown Voltage method and the Fuzzy Logic method. The results obtained show that the condition of the insulating oil using fuzzy logic in the Matlab simulation is in accordance with the condition of the transformer insulating oil based on its breakdown voltage characteristics, namely in a normal state. Meanwhile, gas content that is at a high or very high level has a significant impact on the indication of failure in transformer insulating oil, namely the concentration of TDCG and nitrogen gas content.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rakhmad Syafutra Lubis, Muhammad Hafizh Akbar, Ramdhan Halid Siregar, Masri Masri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Implementation of Column Formwork Works on the 10th Floor in the Construction of Sky House Alam Sutera Phase 3 Building
Formwork is a crucial component in reinforced concrete structural works. This study specifically discusses the application of aluminum formwork for column elements in high-rise buildings. Time inefficiency and quality issues encountered when using wooden or conventional formwork are major problems frequently found on construction sites. This study aims to identify the advantages and disadvantages of using aluminum formwork for columns and to evaluate its impact on construction time and the quality of the resulting product. The research employed a qualitative descriptive approach through direct observation and interviews with workers and project managers at the Sky House Alam Sutera Phase 3 building project. The results show that aluminum formwork can be installed and dismantled faster than wooden formwork, and it produces a smoother and more precise concrete surface. However, aluminum formwork has a higher initial procurement cost. Nevertheless, it is more cost-effective in the long term if properly maintained and reused multiple times. Due to its efficiency, neatness, and durability, aluminum formwork is a suitable choice for high-rise building projects.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ghani Leo Frando, Eka Sasmita Mulya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Multi-Criteria Performance Evaluation and Optimization of Composite Particleboard Materials: A Grey Relational Analysis Approach
This study presents a comprehensive multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) of fifteen composite particleboard materials based on their fundamental physical and mechanical properties. The evaluation utilized Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) to systematically rank particleboard compositions according to five critical performance parameters: density (D), water absorption (WA), thickness swelling (TS), modulus of rupture (MOR), and modulus of elasticity (MOE). The Grey Relational Grade (GRG) methodology revealed significant performance variations among different particleboard compositions. The analysis identified sawdust waste reinforced with plastic-based resin (waste styrofoam) as the optimal composition, achieving the highest GRG value of 0.8143 (81.43%), indicating superior overall performance characteristics. Conversely, cement-bonded particleboard manufactured from pine (Pinus caribaea M.) sawdust and coconut husk/coir (Cocos nucifera L.) demonstrated the lowest performance with a GRG value of 0.4279 (42.79%). The research methodology employed systematic normalization procedures and grey relational coefficient calculations to establish comprehensive performance rankings. Results indicate that material composition and binder selection significantly influence particleboard performance characteristics, with plastic-based resins demonstrating superior mechanical properties compared to traditional formaldehyde-based binders. This investigation provides a quantitative framework for optimizing composite particleboard manufacturing processes and material selection strategies. The findings contribute to sustainable materials engineering by identifying high-performance alternatives utilizing waste materials, thereby supporting circular economy principles in the wood products industry. The established ranking system serves as a decision-support tool for manufacturers seeking to optimize particleboard compositions for specific applications while maintaining cost-effectiveness and environmental sustainability
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Engineering and Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Fatigue Life Prediction Of Minibus Lower Suspension Arm Using Strain-Life Approach
The lower suspension arm is a critical component in vehicle suspension systems that experiences complex dynamic loads during operation. This study aims to predict the fatigue life of minibus lower suspension arms using a strain-life approach considering road conditions in Southeast Asia. The finite element method was employed to analyze stress and strain distributions on the component, while fatigue failure criteria were applied to predict component life. Simulations were conducted using ANSYS software with Al-Si aluminum alloy material commonly used in suspension components. Analysis results showed that maximum stress occurred at the bushing joint area with a value of 245 MPa, and fatigue life was predicted to reach 1.2 × 10⁶ cycles for rough road conditions. Sensitivity analysis indicated that road roughness and joint geometry have significant influences on component fatigue life. This research contributes to design optimization and material selection to enhance lower suspension arm durability under tropical operating conditions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nguyen Thi Mai Anh, Phạm Văn Đức https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Small-Scale Wind Power Generator with Inverse Taper and Taper Type Blades at Low Wind Speed
The utilization of wind energy as one of the renewable energy sources in Indonesia is still limited. This is due to Indonesia's large wind potential, but it is at low speeds. One modification of wind turbines to overcome this problem is by using inverse taper and taper blades. Inverse taper blades have a chord distribution that increases from root to tip while taper blades have a chord distribution that decreases from root to tip. This research conducts the design and construction of inverse taper and taper blades on small-scale wind turbines using NACA 6412 airfoil type, then tested in the field and obtained the performance of each blade. The design was carried out using blade element momentum theory to obtain the blade geometry shape and perform performance analysis of each type of blade. Based on the simulation results obtained from QBlade, it shows that the inverse taper blade performance has a maximum Cp of 0.52 while the taper blade has a maximum Cp of 0.41. The power graph from field testing results shows that inverse taper blades provide good power generation at low wind speeds compared to taper blades. The inverse taper blade has a cut-in speed of 1.2 m/s and the best power production occurs at speeds of 1-4 m/s.
Performance Optimization of Low-Cost DC Motors for Educational Engineering Applications
This research examines how to build and improve a basic direct current (DC) electric motor using affordable, everyday materials for classroom teaching. We constructed our motor from simple components: copper wire coils, an iron nail, permanent magnets, and standard batteries. The device effectively demonstrates electromagnetic principles and energy conversion processes that students can observe firsthand. Our experimental work concentrated on three main factors that affect motor performance: the number of wire turns in the coil, magnet strength, and battery voltage levels. We systematically tested different combinations to find the best rotational speed and energy efficiency. The results showed interesting patterns - when we increased coil turns from 50 to 100, the motor's torque improved by roughly 20%. Using stronger magnets made the rotation much more stable and consistent. The motor worked most efficiently when powered by a 9-volt battery, where energy waste dropped to minimal levels. What makes this design particularly valuable is its simplicity - teachers can easily replicate it even in schools with limited resources, especially in Indian secondary education settings where budget constraints often limit hands-on learning opportunities. To verify our physical experiments, we ran computer simulations using finite element analysis. These digital models confirmed our real-world findings and revealed that optimized coil arrangements increased magnetic flux density by 15%. The close agreement between our experimental data and simulation results strengthens confidence in the design approach. This motor design offers teachers and students a practical, affordable way to explore electromagnetism and basic engineering principles. The project has broader implications for educational programs in developing regions, where cost-effective teaching tools can make advanced concepts accessible to more students. Schools can now demonstrate complex electromagnetic theory using materials that cost less than traditional laboratory equipment while achieving comparable learning outcomes.
Fatigue Performance of Sugar Palm Fibre-Reinforced Thermoplastic Polyurethane Composites with Varying Fibre Content
This study investigates the fatigue behavior of sugar palm fibre (SPF)-reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composites with varying fibre contents (10 wt%, 20 wt%, and 30 wt%). The composites were fabricated using extrusion followed by hot press moulding. Tensile tests were conducted in accordance with ASTM D638 to determine the ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and fatigue tests were performed under stress levels of 80%, 70%, 60%, and 50% of the UTS, following ASTM D7791. The results indicate that an increase in fibre content leads to a reduction in both tensile strength and fatigue life, likely due to poor interfacial bonding and fibre agglomeration. Fatigue life was found to be significantly higher at lower stress levels across all fibre contents. These findings provide valuable information about the potential and limitations of SPF/TPU composites for applications involving cyclic loading, particularly in lightweight and sustainable material applications
Impact of Moisture Variations on NH₃ and H₂S Emissions During Municipal Solid Waste Drying Using Waste Motor Oil Interceptor System: A Case from Denpasar, Bali
Municipal solid waste (MSW) production continues to rise globally, especially in developing countries such as Indonesia, creating significant environmental challenges. This study investigates the impact of moisture content (MC) variation on ammonia (NH₃) and hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) emissions during the MSW drying process, and evaluates the effectiveness of a gas capture system using waste motor oil (WMO). Laboratory-scale experiments were conducted at Universitas Pendidikan Nasional in collaboration with Universitas Udayana, using MSW samples conditioned at five moisture levels: 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, and 10%. Emissions were measured before and after treatment with the WMO-based interceptor system. The results showed that the highest gas emissions occurred at 50% MC, with corresponding reduction efficiencies of 73.9% (50% MC), 70.0% (40%), 72.1% (30%), 55.9% (20%), and 5.4% (10%). Higher MC was associated with increased anaerobic microbial activity and organic matter decomposition, leading to elevated NH₃ and H₂S generation. The WMO system demonstrated strong gas adsorption performance, particularly at moderate to high MC levels. These findings suggest that controlling MC and applying low-cost WMO-based gas interception can significantly reduce emissions in waste drying processes. This approach holds promise for improving air quality in urban waste management systems, especially in resource-limited settings.
Analisis Komprehensif: Perbandingan Platform Perangkat Lunak Artificial Intelligence (AI) untuk Meningkatkan Inovasi dalam Desain Interior
This research aims to conduct a comparative study of artificial intelligence (AI) software platforms used in interior design. The focus of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness, sophistication, and performance of various AI platforms in supporting innovation and efficiency in the internal design process. This research method involved an in-depth analysis of several leading AI platforms used in interior design, reviewing their superior features, personalization capabilities, and integration with other design tools. In addition, this research will evaluate the impact of using these platforms on project completion time, design results accuracy, and client satisfaction. The results of this research can provide valuable insight for interior design professionals. By understanding how AI platforms compare, professionals can make more informed decisions in selecting the solution that best suits their project's needs. In an era of rapid technological development, this research can provide helpful guidance for optimally utilizing AI technology, thereby achieving interior design results that are not only innovative but also efficient. The conclusions from the research can provide beneficial advice in optimally utilizing AI technology to achieve innovative and efficient interior design results. By identifying the strengths and weaknesses of each platform, interior design professionals can optimize the use of AI technology according to their project needs and preferences. As a result, this research can positively contribute to the development of the interior design industry, creating a more productive and satisfying work environment for professionals and clients.
Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Engineering and Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Penelitian Efek Penggunaan Grid Tie Inverter pada Sistem Hibrid dengan Solar Panel dan Diesel
The distribution system of electrical power begins from generation and is transmitted to the load, namely consumers. In this distribution, it must be effective, efficient, and reliable. The amount of electrical power reaching the load is not the same as the amount of power generated due to voltage drop or power losses. This research aims to determine the magnitude of power losses in the medium-voltage distribution network located in Pasar Aceh. The research method employed is the analysis and simulation calculation method using ETAP 12.6 software. The study analyzes power losses due to load imbalance in the JTR distribution substation of Pasar Aceh. Based on the analysis results, the load imbalance in the Pasar Aceh substation has led to power losses. The power losses in the Pasar Aceh substation, specifically at the Side Transformer of Pasar Aceh, are 0.77% with a load imbalance of 16.33%. For the second transformer in the BNI 46 area, the power losses are 0.98% with a load imbalance of 30.33%, and for the transformer in the BLKG KOTTY area, the power losses are 1.17% with a load imbalance of 50.33%. Therefore, the larger the percentage of load imbalance in an electrical distribution network, the greater the resulting power losses.
Effect of Maleic Anhydride Polypropylene on Flexural Properties of Hybrid Kenaf - Sugar Palm Fibre Reinforced Polypropylene Composites
This study was focused on the characterize the hibridisation of kenaf and sugar palm fibre in reinforcing the polypropylene matrix. Addition of MAPP (Maleic Anhydride Polypropylene) was used as compatibilizing agent with variation of 2%, 3% and 5%. The specimen materials were prepared with 30% amounts of fibres while the ratios between kenaf and sugar palm fibre are 10:20, 15:15 and 20:10. The composites were fabricated using melt mixer technique and followed by compression molding process. The specimens were cut according ASTM Standard D790 for conducting the flexural testing. After testing done, the results shown that flexural strength of composites tend to decreased when the content of MAPP increased. The ultimate flexural strength was attained at 2% MAPP addition of the hybrid composites with 20% kenaf fibres. Among the composites with different ratios, the hybrid composites that contain more kenaf fibres exhibit the higher value in flexural strength than the composites that contain more sugar palm fibres.
Eksperimen Pengaruh Kecepatan Pada Diameter Nozzle 2,5 mm dalam Proses Laser Cutting
This experimental study examines the impact of speed variations on the 2.5 mm nozzle diameter in low-carbon steel laser cutting. The primary objective is to optimize the roundness of the cut by considering cutting speed factors. Through a series of experiments conducted on low-carbon steel plates measuring 200 mm x 200 mm, utilizing a 2.5 mm nozzle diameter with speed variations of 2, 3, and 4 m/minute, the research measures roundness quality using a digital caliper. Results indicate that cutting speed influences roundness quality, with the lowest deviation observed at a speed of 2 m/minute and the highest at 3 m/minute. The study also highlights that increased cutting speed and the use of a larger nozzle require higher gas pressure.
Analisis Ketidakstabilan Beban Arus Netral dan Rugi-Rugi Daya Pada Trafo Distribusi Penyulang Pas 21 PT. PLN UPB Banda Aceh
This research focuses on analyzing power losses due to load imbalance in the medium-voltage distribution network in Pasar Aceh. The aim is to determine the magnitude of power losses that occur at the distribution substation in Pasar Aceh. The research method involves analysis, calculations, and simulations using the ETAP 12.6 software. The results of the analysis indicate that load imbalance in the Pasar Aceh substation leads to power losses. The Trafo Samping Pasar Aceh experiences power losses of 0.77% with a load imbalance of 16.33%. The second transformer in the BNI 46 area incurs power losses of 0.98% with a load imbalance of 30.33%, and the transformer in the BLKG KOTTY area has power losses of 1.17% with a load imbalance of 50.33%. These findings affirm that the greater the load imbalance, the higher the resulting power losses in the electrical distribution network.
Optimalisasi Performa Sistem Tegangan dengan Pemasangan Kapasitor Bank pada Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap (PLTU) Nagan Raya
This research aims to optimize the performance of the voltage system at the Nagan Raya Steam Power Plant (PLTU) by installing capacitor banks. Capacitor banks are integrated into the system to increase voltage stability, reduce power losses, and increase energy efficiency in PLTUs. The research method involves analyzing the existing voltage system, designing the capacitor bank installation, and evaluating the system performance after installation. It is hoped that the results of this research can make a positive contribution in improving the performance of PLTU Nagan Raya and overall energy efficiency.
Inovasi Teknologi Pemanas Kumparan sebagai Solusi Berkelanjutan dalam Proses Pembakaran Bata untuk Mengatasi Dampak Lingkungan Negatif
This research aims to design and develop coil heater technology as an alternative heat source to replace wood in the brick-firing process. The research methodology involves the design of an efficient and environmentally friendly coil heater and its implementation in the brick production process. In this study, the performance of the coil heater is analyzed to ensure that the generated heat is sufficient for the brick-firing requirements. The research findings indicate that coil heater technology is capable of providing the necessary heat to achieve optimal temperatures in the brick-firing process. Furthermore, the use of this coil heater technology successfully reduces dependence on wood as the primary fuel source. The implementation of coil heater technology in the brick-making industry is expected to make a positive contribution to the environment and the sustainability of natural resources. This research stimulates innovation in the development of alternative technologies that can reduce carbon footprints and improve the overall efficiency and sustainability of brick production processes.
Analisis Efek Pelat Berpori pada Serat Tanaman Ekor Kucing (Typha Latifolia) terhadap Koefisien Penyerap Suara
This study aims to determine the value of the sound absorption coefficient of cat tail fiber (Typha latifolia) with the effect of weight and pore size resistance of the test sample plate. In this case the researchers made 6 test samples where each sample consisted of cat tail fibers weighing 50 grams and 75 grams with a diameter of 110 mm and a thickness of 20 mm, the test samples were arranged in layers with aluminimum plate resistance which had a pore size of 1 mm, 1.5mm, and 2.5 mm. Tests were conducted using the impedance tube transfer function method (ISO 10534-2:1998) at frequencies of 1/1 octave (125 Hz, 250 Hz, 500 Hz, 1000 Hz, 2000 Hz, 4000 Hz and 8000 Hz). The test results show that the sound absorption value at each frequency of each sample is relatively different. At a frequency of 125 Hz - 250 Hz the best sound absorption was obtained in the test sample with a pore size of 1 mm 75 g, at a frequency of 500 Hz the best sound absorption was obtained in the test sample with a pore size of 1.5 mm 75 g, at a frequency of 1000 Hz - 8000 Hz the best sound absorbing coefficient value occurred in the test sample with a pore size of 1 mm 75 g. From the graph it can be concluded that the pore size of the aluminum plate and density in each test sample can affect the sound absorption value.
Sistem Pemantau dan Pengontrol Suhu dan pH Air Otomatis pada Budidaya Ikan Gabus
Maintaining the temperature and pH of water in fish farming is important to maintain the survival of the commodities being cultivated. Snakehead fish as one of the freshwater fish cultivation commodities, live in a temperature range of 25° to 32°C, and a pH of 4,5 to 6. Changes in temperature and pH due to differences in day and night and weather conditions can be mortal for the fish. To help the fish farmers maintain water quality, in this research a prototype of IoT based temperature and pH monitor and control was built using Arduino microcontroller, that can be accessed through a mobile application on Android smartphone. The test results show that the prototype has successfully control the temperature by turning the heater on when it dropped below 25°C, turned the acid solution pump on when the pH felt below 4.5, and alkaline solution pump when pH was above 6. Continuous sensor readings are able to maintain the stability of water quality.
Perbaikan Tegangan dengan Menggunakan Kapasitor Bank 25 MVAR pada Gardu Induk Banda Aceh
The Nagan Raya coal-fired power plant in Aceh, Indonesia, serves as a major supplier of electricity to the region's power grid. However, the power generation unit of the plant, which supplies reactive power to the subsystem, often experiences disturbances that cause voltage values in the Banda Aceh substation system to decrease. This decrease in voltage can be detrimental to the quality of power supplied to the consumers. To address this issue, a capacitor bank with a capacity of 25 Mvar was installed at the end of 2016. The capacitor bank was successful in increasing the voltage value at the substation and proved to be an effective solution. However, with the anticipated growth in load in the coming years and the possibility of future disturbances in the power generation unit, it has been proposed that an additional capacitor bank unit with the same capacity be installed to further enhance the voltage quality at the Banda Aceh substation. To assess the feasibility of this proposal, simulations were carried out using ETAP 12.6.0 software. The simulation results show that the addition of a 25 Mvar capacitor bank unit would lead to an increase in the substation voltage value of around 5-6 KV. This increase in voltage would help to maintain the quality of power supplied to the consumers and ensure that the power grid remains stable even in the event of disturbances in the power generation unit. Overall, the proposed installation of an additional capacitor bank unit would be a cost-effective solution to enhance the voltage quality at the Banda Aceh substation and ensure the stability of the power grid. This solution could be adopted by other power plants facing similar issues in maintaining voltage quality in their power grid systems.
Prediction of Fatigue Life of Coil Springs and Lower Suspension Arms Based on Strain-Life Approach
This study predicts the fatigue life of helical coil springs and lower suspension arms in automotive suspension systems using the strain-life approach. The strain-life method, which incorporates local plastic strain effects, is particularly suitable for components experiencing variable amplitude loading under road-induced vibrations. Finite element analysis (FEA) was employed to determine critical strain locations and magnitudes under typical loading conditions. Fatigue life was estimated using the Coffin-Manson relation, with mean stress corrections via the Morrow and Smith-Watson-Topper (SWT) models. Results indicate that coil springs exhibit fatigue lives ranging from 10⁵ to 10⁶ cycles under rural road excitations, while lower suspension arms show shorter lives at high-stress regions due to multiaxial loading. The findings highlight the importance of material selection and geometry optimization for improved durability in automotive applications
Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Engineering and Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Design and Fabrication of a Hydraulic Transmission Jack for Heavy-Duty Truck Maintenance
This study presents the design, fabrication, and testing of a hydraulic transmission jack specifically tailored for lifting and handling truck transmissions in automotive repair facilities. The device utilizes a foot-operated hydraulic system to provide efficient and safe lifting capabilities, addressing the ergonomic and safety challenges associated with manual handling of heavy transmissions during removal and installation procedures. Through systematic design calculations, material selection, structural analysis, and prototype assembly, the jack achieves a lifting capacity of 2000 kg with a height adjustment range of 190–810 mm, suitable for medium to heavy-duty truck applications. Comprehensive performance testing demonstrated reliable operation under maximum load conditions, with no structural failure, hydraulic leakage, or stability issues observed during extended hold tests and offset load scenarios up to 1500 kg. The prototype was fabricated at approximately $300, representing 35–50% cost savings compared to commercially available models while maintaining comparable performance characteristics. The foot-pedal hydraulic operation enables hands-free lifting with controlled positioning, significantly reducing physical strain on mechanics and potentially decreasing workplace injuries. Stability tests confirmed adequate resistance to tipping under asymmetric loading conditions, while the 45 kg overall weight and caster-mounted base provide acceptable portability for workshop environments. This innovation contributes to advancing mechanical engineering applications in vehicle maintenance by demonstrating that effective ergonomic solutions can be achieved through practical design approaches using readily available materials and components, making specialized lifting equipment more accessible to small-scale repair facilities, particularly in developing economies where capital investment constraints limit access to commercial equipment.
Analyzing the Tensile Strength of AISI 1045 Coil Springs in Avanza 2020 Cars: A Comparative Study of Experimental Results using Simulation Technology
One of the tests used to determine the mechanical properties of metals is the tensile test. The results obtained from the tensile test are crucial for engineering and product design as they provide data on the strength of materials. AISI 1045 carbon steel is an alloy steel composed of iron (Fe) and carbon (C), where iron is the base element and carbon is the main alloying element. Carbon steel is also used in the manufacturing of helical/coil springs (Mobil Alvanza 2020). Coil springs are widely used in the front suspension of modern light vehicles. A new approach to fatigue prediction based on a combination of FE simulation using ABAQUS is opposed in this study. In this research, the tensile test was performed using experimental and ABAQUS simulation methods. The experimental results showed a yield strength of 350.25 MPa and an ultimate tensile strength of 560.4 MPa, while the ABAQUS simulation results showed a yield strength of 356.05 MPa and an ultimate tensile strength of 560.39 MPa
Copyright (c) 2022 Journal of Engineering and Science
Perbandingan Daya Output Panel Surya Rooftop Berdasarkan Gerak Semu Matahari Studi Kasus Kota Banda Aceh
The research aims to get the best slope of the solar module to be placed on the roof of the building. This research will look at the performance of solar panels with varying slopes from various types in the city of Banda Aceh. The method used in this research is data collection by looking at the most significant output power from various slopes and comparing it with calculating the output power. The data from each month will also be compared so that the cross panel and the best tilt angle will be. From the research that has been done, it is found that in December and January, with the sun's declination angle of 23 ° and 20 ° North Latitude, the orientation of the solar panel installation is facing south with the best tilt angle of the solar panel is 20 ° -25 ° in December and 18 ° -24 ° in January. In July, the sun's declination is 21.2 ° North Latitude. The orientation of the solar panel installation is facing North, with the best tilt angle of the solar panel being 15 °.
Perhitungan Struktur Laboratorium Teknik Sipil Type II Fakultas Teknik Universitas Muhammadiyah (UMSU) Medan
The lack of supporting infrastructure facilities such as the Laboratory at Samudra University, especially in the Civil Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Engineering, has resulted in Iskandar Thani Institute having to work hard in building infrastructure to keep pace with advances in technology and science. This study aims to plan the dimensions and reinforcement of beams, columns, plates and stairs in the Civil Engineering Laboratory building. The laboratory building to be analyzed has a total of 3 floors with floor dimensions of 43 m x 27.49 m. Modeling and analysis of the structure of this building is assisted by the SAP2000 program using the Special Moment Bearing Frame System (SPRMK) and is designed according to SNI 03-1726-2012, SNI 03-2847-2013, and PPPURG 1987. The structure is planned to use concrete quality fc' 30 MPa and steel grade fy 400 MPa. The results of the analysis obtained that the floor slab thickness was 13 cm using D10-200 mm reinforcement for main reinforcement and D10-300 mm for split reinforcement. The thickness of the roof slab is 12 cm using D10-200 mm reinforcement for main reinforcement and D10-300 mm for split reinforcement. The dimensions of the B1 beam are 50 cm x 70 cm using 12D25 for the support area with D10-80 mm braces and 8D25 reinforcement for the field area with D10-120 mm braces. Begel B2 30 cm x 50 cm using 4D25 reinforcement for the support area and field with braces for D10-200 mm field and braces for D10-100 mm support. The dimensions of the K1 column are 60 cm x 80 cm using 10D25 reinforcement with D10-300 mm begel. The dimensions of the K2 column are 60 cm x 60 cm using 8D25 reinforcement with D10 -200 mm begel. The thickness of the ladder plate and landing was obtained 13 cm using D10-200 mm reinforcement.
Kegagalan Permukaan Kontak Rail dan Wheel pada Overhead Travelling Crane
For the sake of the smooth process of cement production, it is necessary to maintain each component of the production. One of the tools that play an important role in the maintenance and production of cement is the Overhead Traveling Crane, which is a combination of a separate lifting mechanism with a frame to lift and move loads that can be hung freely or attached to the crane itself. The problems that arise in the Overhead Traveling Crane include the reverse direction of the motor rotation due to an error in the motor connection, the motor cannot start due to a disconnected power supply, the occurrence of bending (curving) on ​​the girder due to lifting operations that exceed the maximum capacity which can also accelerate service life. of the girder, wear on the wheel due to high workload during operation. Due to the need for very long use, periodic maintenance is needed so that it can be in normal condition for a long time. The main parts that support the overall weight of the crane are rails and wheels. This journal discusses the analysis of failures that occur due to contact between rails and wheels that occur in a cement factory. Failure analysis is done by testing the hardness of both the wheel and the rely which is considered to have failed or is no longer suitable for use. Then review the results of direct field observations with data from hardness tests and literature studies related to wheels and rails. after that it was concluded that the company considered for the procurement of rails and wheels. The conclusion obtained is that the hardness value on the rail is lower than on the wheel. Resulting in failure of the rail so that the rail must be replaced.
Bahan Bakar Minyak Dari Berbagai Metode Konversi Sampah Plastik
The use of plastic and goods made of plastic have been rising in day to day. Increasing use of plastics is a consequence of the development of technology, industry and population. On one hand, the invention of plastic has a remarkable positive impact, because it has many advantages compared to other materials. But on the other hand, the plastic waste has negative impact that too worried, so its solutions need to be looked for. One of the alternative handling of plastic waste that currently extensively researched and developed is converting plastic waste into fuel. Converting plastic waste into fuel oil can be done with cracking process. There are three kinds of process that is hydro cracking, thermal cracking and catalytic cracking. Fuel oil produced from the cracking of plastic waste depending on the plastic type, cracking process used, catalyst type, pyrolisis temperature and condenser temperature.
Limbah Tempurung Kelapa diuji Guna Menjadi Bahan Bakar Alternatif
Pyrolysis is a thermo-chemical which decomposition of organic material through heating process with absent or little oxygen (anaerobic). The purposes of study are design pyrolyzer of coconut shell being to alternative fuels, knowing much of oil from pyrolysis process with method of counter flow and parallel flow, and knowing heat energy or caloric energy which was produced from pyrolysis process with method of counter flow and parallel flow in condenser. The research with through experiments the pyrolyzer which includes reactor, distribution pipe, and condenser. Research methods are the experiment of pyrolysis process at temperature 35oC during 60 minutes with condensation method, counter flow and parallel flow. Results of experiments are data of gas fuels mass obtained 42 grams which used pyrolysis process of coconut shell in the amount of 1000 gr, until produces pyrolysis oil as 198 grams (counter flow) and 196 grams (parallel flow). Counter flow method can absorb a heat as 1304,762 kJ and heat loss through gasses as 462,842 kJ, even though parallel flow no more than absorb as 1200,83 kJ and heat loss through gasses as 545,271 kJ.
Sistem Analisis Desain Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya Kapasitas 50 WP
The need for electricity is good for the industry, offices, and public and individuals are greatly increased. However, the increase in demand for electricity is not accompanied by the additional power supply. Based on these problems, chosen solar energy as an alternative energy to generate electric power. A tool that is used here is the solar cell because it can directly convert solar radiation into electrical energy (photovoltaic process). So that solar energy can be used at night, then during the day, the electrical energy generated is stored before a battery which is controlled by the regulator. Regulator output is directly connected to the inverter from the DC to AC. The test results of solar modules (photovoltaic) indicated that the results of the average power output reached 38.24 Watt, and the currents were 2.49 A. This is because the photovoltaic follows the direction of movement of the sun and always located at the photovoltaic to remain facing the sun. Therefore, it will still be able to capture the radiant sun to the fullest.