Journal of Law and Economics is a peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes original research, reviews, and case studies at the intersection of legal and economic disciplines. The journal aims to disseminate knowledge about the economic analysis of law, regulatory policies, and the economic implications of legal frameworks across various sectors. Indonesian Template Download English Template Download
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Marriage Dispensation Orders: Judicial Product or State Administrative Decision
The amendment to the minimum marriage age through Law Number 16 of 2019 has led to a marked rise in applications for marriage dispensation before the Religious Courts, prompting a conceptual question regarding the legal standing of such orders — whether they ought to be read purely as judicial products or as state administrative decisions. Through normative legal research employing statutory and conceptual approaches, this study analyzes the juridical character of marriage dispensation orders and examines whether they satisfy the criteria of a state administrative decision, namely concreteness, individuality, finality, and the production of legal consequences, within the framework of administrative law. The findings reveal that marriage dispensation orders carry a hybrid character: procedurally issued as judicial products by the Religious Courts, yet substantively displaying characteristics of administrative decisions given that they constitute concrete, individual, and final grants of permission. This ambiguity signals the relevance of applying the general principles of good governance (AUPB) — particularly the principles of prudence and the protection of the best interests of the child — in adjudicating dispensation cases, and leads this study to advance the conceptualization of marriage dispensation orders as a judicialized administrative act, drawing attention to the intersection between judicial authority and administrative decision-making in the Indonesian legal system.
General Principles of Good Governance (AUPB)
Copyright (c) 2026 Lely Mahartina Khoiru Ummah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Kepastian Hukum terhadap Praktik Gesek Tunai Kartu Kredit
In the practice of credit card cash advances, cardholders withdraw cash at merchants that facilitate such services by pretending to make purchase transactions. This study analyzes whether credit card cash advances constitute unlawful acts and examines legal certainty regarding these practices through applicable regulations. The research employs a normative legal method with a statutory approach, utilizing primary legal materials, including the Civil Code, Financial Services Authority Regulations, and Bank Indonesia Regulations. Findings reveal that credit card cash advances constitute unlawful acts under Article 1365 of the Civil Code, potentially causing losses to multiple parties: customers whose data are misused, banks facing heightened bad loan risks, and threats to the overall stability of the financial system. Legal uncertainty surrounding credit card cash advances creates opportunities for criminals to carry out card forgery, fraud, personal data misuse, and money laundering. Therefore, coordinated efforts are needed to strengthen legal certainty regarding credit card cash advances, both through regulatory refinement and effective law enforcement.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dewi Rosmalasari, Nin Yasmine Lisasih (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of Financial Literacy, Accounting Literacy, and Digital Literacy in Improving the Managerial Ability of MSMEs
Understanding financial management, accounting reporting, and digital technology utilization can enhance the quality of business managerial capabilities. This study examines the role of financial literacy, accounting literacy, and digital literacy in improving managerial capabilities of MSMEs. Partial results demonstrate that financial literacy, accounting literacy, and digital literacy exert positive and significant effects on managerial capabilities of MSMEs in Medan City. Simultaneous results indicate that financial literacy, accounting literacy, and digital literacy collectively exert positive and significant effects on managerial capabilities of MSMEs in Medan City. MSMEs in Medan City gain greater opportunities to strengthen their competitiveness and business sustainability. The Adjusted R Square value reaches 45.1%, while the remaining 54.9% stems from variables beyond the research model, including entrepreneurial behavior among others. Research findings necessitate support from local governments, educational institutions, and relevant stakeholders to enhance training and mentoring programs in financial, accounting, and digital literacy for MSMEs, thereby strengthening managerial capacity and fostering economic growth in Medan City.
Copyright (c) 2025 Metyria Imelda Hutabarat, Ahmad Kamal Jama, Aninditha Putri Kusumawardhani (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Emotional and Rational Factors on Traders' Decision in Choosing Islamic Banking Services (Case Study of Traders at Baruga Market)
This study aims to examine and analyze the influence of emotional and rational factors on traders' decisions in choosing Islamic banking services (case study of Baruga Market traders). This type of research is quantitative research. The data source in this study is primary data. The sample in this study amounted to 97 people taken using purposive sampling technique. The data collection technique used questionnaires distributed directly in the form of printed paper and Google from. Analyzed using multiple linear regression through SPSS software. The results of this study indicate that emotional factors have a significant influence on traders' decisions in choosing Islamic banking services (case study of Baruga Market traders), rational factors have a significant influence on traders' decisions in choosing Islamic banking services (case study of Baruga Market traders). As well as emotional factors and rational factors have a significant influence on traders' decisions in choosing Islamic banking services (case study of Baruga Market traders).
Copyright (c) 2025 Wawan Wawan, Indra Nola, Lestari Daswan, Sitti Nur Annisa Amalia (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Examining Bank Health Ratings and Their Impact on Non-Performing Financing in Indonesian Islamic Banks
The relationship between Islamic Commercial Bank health indicators and non-performing financing requires careful examination amid recent economic volatility. Researchers analyzed quarterly financial data from eleven Indonesian Islamic Commercial Banks spanning 2019-2024 using panel data regression through E-views software, employing the RGEC framework with Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR), Return on Equity (ROE), Operating Expense to Operating Income Ratio (BOPO), and Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) as independent variables, while Non-Performing Financing (NPF) served as the dependent variable. Statistical analysis reveals that FDR, ROE, BOPO, and CAR jointly lack predictive power for NPF variations, with the model explaining merely 3.079% of variance (Adjusted R-Square). Individual variable testing identifies FDR as the sole significant predictor, demonstrating an inverse relationship with NPF—higher financing distribution correlates with lower default rates when lending remains selective, whereas ROE, BOPO, and CAR show no meaningful association with non-performing financing levels. These findings challenge conventional assumptions about financial ratio utility in predicting credit quality deterioration, as the model's weak explanatory power suggests internal financial metrics alone offer insufficient understanding of NPF dynamics. Future research should integrate external determinants including macroeconomic indicators, regulatory policy shifts, and institutional risk management practices to develop more robust predictive frameworks for Islamic banking credit risk.
Copyright (c) 2025 Suci Rahmadani (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Budget Efficiency vs Public Service: A Critical Evaluation of Presidential Instruction No. 1 of 2025
This study evaluates Presidential Instruction No. 1/2025 on Budget Efficiency using William N. Dunn's policy evaluation model across five dimensions: effectiveness, efficiency, adequacy, responsiveness, and equity. The policy mandates IDR 256.1 trillion in budget cuts, including IDR 50.59 trillion in regional transfers. The qualitative-descriptive approach analyzes official policy documents, Ministry of Finance publications, Indonesia Corruption Watch data, and international literature on OECD fiscal consolidation practices. While aiming to reduce wasteful spending, the blanket-cutting approach—lacking performance-based evaluation and empirical evidence—threatens service delivery in education, health, and infrastructure. Regional transfer cuts undermine local autonomy and service capacity, particularly concerning given that 88% of regions depend on central transfers. Comparative analysis with Australia, Latvia, and Chile reveals that Presidential Instruction No. 1/2025 lacks critical mechanisms: ring-fencing protections, performance-based evaluation, results-driven incentives, and adequate compensation schemes. The study recommends temporary moratoriums for vital sectors, systematic spending review mechanisms, selective budget reduction targeting ineffective and leakage-prone programs, and strengthened institutional capacity for value-for-money budget management. Implementation requires strong political commitment, effective inter-governmental coordination, and robust information systems to achieve fiscal efficiency without sacrificing public service quality.
Copyright (c) 2025 Munawir Munawir, Agus Suherman, Naufal Haidar Ahmada (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Normative Approach to Law and Economics in Developing Countries: Challenges in Establishing Efficient and Just Market Regulations
Market regulation in developing economies confronts a fundamental dilemma: how to achieve allocative efficiency without sacrificing distributive justice. Drawing on normative–empirical analysis of legal materials, policy frameworks, and comparative data from Indonesia, India, and Brazil, the research exposes persistent friction between growth-maximizing policies and principles of equity, legal certainty, and institutional legitimacy. Regulatory systems across these jurisdictions consistently favor efficiency metrics while sidelining distributional consequences—a pattern that widens socioeconomic gaps and weakens public confidence in state institutions. Countries with stronger legal infrastructures and mature normative traditions demonstrate greater capacity to embed justice considerations within economic governance. The study proposes a law–economics model where legal normativity operates not as ancillary to economic logic but as foundational to regulatory design, anchoring policy in fairness, predictability, and collective welfare. Theoretically, the work recasts law's dual role as both boundary and catalyst in economic systems. Practically, it outlines strategies for enhancing regulatory clarity, institutional responsibility, and policy credibility in developing settings—charting routes to prosperity that do not undermine social solidarity.
Copyright (c) 2025 Intan Meitasari, Suratno Suratno, Yuniwati Yuniwati (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Preventive Measures Against Non-Performing Loans: Implementation of Prudential Principles in the Buy Now Pay Later (BNPL) Scheme Through Bank–E-Commerce Partnerships
The financial sector in Indonesia has seen a very fast change to using digital technology. This has made it possible to have Buy Now Pay Later (BNPL) services where people can get money without needing credit cards. Banks that work with online shopping companies use BNPL plans to help more people use their financial services. However, these types of partnerships also bring large dangers: bad loans build up, moral hazard appears, and there are questions about the rules. We look at how legal systems and careful management rules work in BNPL partnerships through regular legal research methodology, studying law provisions and idea bases. Law No. 7/1992, changed by Law No. 10/1998 on Banking, sets out careful needs that OJK puts into action through Regulations No. 18/ POJK.03/2016, No. 40/POJK.03/2019, No. 12/POJK.03/2021, and Circular Letter No. 34/SEOJK .03/2016 Banks put into practice careful standards by checking digital credit worthiness managing joined risks watching assets and checking partners from time to time Yet big problems stay: banks and platforms cannot share data easily regulatory power breaks up among many agencies and following the rules culture is still weak Careful ideas do more than meet rule needs they form the legal-ethical base that keeps public trust and financial safety Achieving good practice needs OJK Bank Indonesia and Kominfo to work together in their control actions guard consumers and make good digital money innovation possible.
Copyright (c) 2025 Siti Nurhasanah, Dewi Septiana, Kasmawati Kasmawati (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of Prosecutor's Investigators in Handling Corruption Crimes of Family Planning Operational Assistance Fund Embezzlement in Tanggamus Regency
Corruption remains a heavy burden for Indonesia in its quality as an extraordinary crime since it has very broad implications for aspects of governance, development, and public trust in state institutions. This study aims to analyze the role of prosecutor's investigators in handling corruption cases related to the illegal deduction of Family Planning Operational Assistance (BOKB) funds in Tanggamus Regency. The research methodology used normative and empirical juridical approaches with primary data collected through interviews with law enforcement officials and secondary data sourced from statutory provisions, case files, and scientific literature. The Tanggamus District Prosecutor's Office carried out the main tasks at the stages of investigation, indictment, and prosecution. In case Number PDS/02/TGMS/07/2022, investigators revealed a systematic scheme where 17.5% was deducted from every fund disbursement causing state financial losses amounting to approximately IDR 1.55 billion. Several barriers were faced during the investigation; witness testimonies were inconsistent, facilities and infrastructure were inadequate, and forensic audits to calculate state losses faced delays. Increasing inter-institutional coordination between prosecutors and related agencies as well as improving infrastructural capacity is necessary to increase both legitimacy and effectiveness in corruption eradication.
Copyright (c) 2025 Budi Setiawan SP, Rinaldy Amrullah, Muhtadi Muhtadi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Integration into Formal Economy: A Systematic Review on the Challenges and Opportunities for Informal SMEs in Cambodia
The informal economy accounts for a substantial share of economic activity across developing nations, where Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) serve as primary engines for job creation and income generation. Yet informality frequently confines these enterprises to persistent cycles of low productivity and economic vulnerability. Drawing on 12 studies published between 2000 and 2025, our systematic literature review examines the multifaceted barriers and pathways associated with transitioning informal SMEs into the formal economy, with particular attention to Cambodia. We synthesize theoretical frameworks on informal economy dynamics and SME development, analyze Cambodia's informal sector characteristics, identify formalization obstacles, and examine integration possibilities. Our literature search spanned multiple databases—JSTOR, Google Scholar, and repositories from the ILO, UNDP, World Bank, and ADB. We selected peer-reviewed articles and reports addressing informal economy and SME formalization in Cambodia and Southeast Asia more broadly. Our findings reveal that despite substantial barriers—financial constraints and regulatory complexities—targeted policy interventions can unlock considerable integration potential.
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Law and Economics https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The Doctrine of Unlawful Acts in E-Commerce Consumer Protection
The development of digital technology has driven an increase in transactions through e-commerce platforms. However, this dynamic has also given rise to various violations of consumer rights, such as fraud, goods not as described, and misuse of personal data. This study aims to analyze the application of the doctrine of unlawful acts (PMH) in resolving disputes regarding consumer rights violations on e-commerce platforms. The method used is normative legal research with a statutory, conceptual, and case-based approach. The results show that the elements of PMH as stipulated in Article 1365 of the Civil Code can be applied to cases of consumer rights violations, whether committed by business actors or third parties. Furthermore, developments in jurisprudence have broadened the definition of PMH, allowing consumers to claim compensation not only when there is a violation of the law, but also when business actors act contrary to the principles of propriety, morality, and good faith. Thus, the PMH doctrine can be an important instrument in consumer protection in the digital era, although more stringent specific regulations regarding e-commerce are still needed.
Analysis of the Impact of 12% VAT Implementation on the Indonesian Economy: An Empirical Study of the U-Shaped Impact Phenomenon on Public Purchasing Power in the January-June 2025 Period
This study examines the economic impacts of Indonesia's 12% Value Added Tax (VAT) during January-June 2025 using a Difference-in-Differences (DiD) approach. The VAT increase from 11% to 12%, effective January 1, 2025, aims to boost state revenue and support post-pandemic economic recovery. Analysis draws on time series data from Statistics Indonesia (BPS), Bank Indonesia, and the Ministry of Finance, along with household surveys and MSME data. Results show that the 12% VAT added 0.45 percentage points to national inflation, with manufacturing bearing the largest burden at 0.18 percentage points. A striking U-shaped pattern emerged in purchasing power effects: middle-income groups (quintile 3) suffered the steepest decline of 3.4%, while low and high-income groups experienced smaller reductions. The VAT exhibits regressive characteristics, pushing the Gini coefficient from 0.381 to 0.394 and raising poverty rates from 9.54% to 9.78%—forcing approximately 640,000 people below the poverty line. While state revenue increased by 18.7%, mitigation interventions worth 0.3-0.5% of GDP became necessary. The study recommends targeted mitigation strategies: focused social compensation, revised VAT-exempt goods lists, and integrated progressive tax reforms.
Legal Analysis of Post-Divorce Child Protection Rights (Case Study: Decision No. 3/Pdt.G/2025/PTA.Smd)
Rising divorce rates have triggered custody disputes where children's fundamental rights face systematic neglect, generating psychological trauma and legal ambiguity. This research examines post-divorce child protection under Law No. 35 of 2014 on Child Protection, analyzing Decision No. 3/Pdt.G/2025/PTA.Smd as a case study. Two primary questions guide the investigation: first, how courts operationalize the child welfare principle in custody determinations within Decision No. 3/Pdt.G/2025/PTA.Smd; second, how Law No. 35 of 2014 safeguards children's rights amid post-divorce custody conflicts. Employing normative juridical methodology through statutory, conceptual, and case study approaches, the research reveals that Law No. 35 of 2014 establishes child welfare as the paramount consideration in all child-related decisions. The principle addresses physical, psychological, social, and spiritual dimensions to secure optimal development. Decision No. 3/Pdt.G/2025/PTA.Smd demonstrates practical application: the judicial panel awarded custody to the biological mother based on her superior capacity to provide appropriate care environments while preserving paternal visitation rights. The ruling simultaneously mandates financial support obligations, reinforcing continued parental accountability post-divorce. The decision effectively operationalizes child-centered legal frameworks through balanced consideration of caregiving capacity, emotional bonding, and economic responsibility.
Personal Data Security Violations in East Jakarta Regional Elections: Legal Analysis Through Personal Data Protection Legislation
This research examines the personal data breach case during the East Jakarta regional elections and analyzes the legal responsibilities of the General Elections Commission (KPU) from the perspective of Law Number 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection (PDP Law). Employing a juridical-normative method, statutory-regulatory approach, and conceptual framework, this study investigates the hacking incident involving the Permanent Voters List (DPT) database by a hacker using the pseudonym "Jimbo," who allegedly accessed data of more than 200 million voters. The case violates the principle of legal protection for citizens' privacy rights, as stipulated in the 1945 Constitution and the PDP Law. Within the framework of Satjipto Rahardjo's legal protection theory, personal data protection transcends mere legal norms and must be implemented substantially to ensure justice and public security. This research concludes that KPU's negligence in ensuring cybersecurity constitutes a legal violation and demands accountability alongside strengthened digital data protection policies within Indonesia's democratic system.
Legal Analysis of Marriage Dispensation Requests for Minors in Cases of Premarital Pregnancy (Case Study: Decision No. 82/PDT.P/2024/PA.PROB)
This study investigates the dispensation of marriage for minors, a request for leniency granted by the Religious Court to prospective brides and grooms who are not yet of legal age to marry. This study intends to examine the basis for consideration used by judges in deciding and granting requests for marriage dispensation in Decision Number 82/Pdt.P/2024/PA.PROB, as well as examining the impact of marriage dispensation on mothers and children born, especially in the context of legal protection based on the Child Protection Law. In this study, a normative juridical approach is used to analyze the legal principles underlying the judge's decision and aspects of protecting children's rights. The findings suggest that the basis for judges' considerations is influenced by sociological and sharia factors, and assesses the principles of benefit and protection of the child's future. Furthermore, the impact of marriage dispensation on mothers and children carries the risk of violating children's basic rights, including the right to education, protection from violence, and the right to health, thus requiring serious attention from the legal protection system to ensure these rights are optimally protected. This research emphasizes the importance of a legal approach that prioritizes substantive justice and protection of vulnerable groups in the marriage dispensation decision-making process.
Analysis of Child Custody Following Divorce Caused by Apostasy Under Positive Law and Islamic Legal Frameworks (Case Study: Case No. 1189/Pdt.G/2023/PA.Tnk)
This study examines the Tangerang Religious Court's ruling in case number 1189/Pdt.G/2023/PA.Tnk, focusing on child custody disputes arising from apostasy within marital dissolution. The research investigates how Islamic civil law operates within Indonesia's judicial framework, particularly when religious conversion becomes a determining factor in custody arrangements. Employing a normative juridical approach alongside descriptive analytical methods, the investigation draws primary data from court rulings, trial documentation, and judicial reasoning articulated by the panel of judges. Secondary sources encompass statutory regulations, Islamic jurisprudence literature, scholarly journals, and pertinent reference materials. The theoretical foundation rests on Classical Islamic Law principles articulated by Imam Syafi'i, which address the legal implications of apostasy on marital bonds and parental rights, complemented by legal interpretation frameworks developed by Dr. Yahya Harahap, SH., MH., regarding procedural justice in religious courts. The research reveals tensions between protecting children's religious upbringing and applying established custody principles that typically favor maternal care for young children. Findings demonstrate how judges navigate between statutory law, Islamic jurisprudence, and the best interests of the child when apostasy disrupts conventional custody determinations.
Analysis of Unregistered Child Marriage Practices Through the Lens of Social Norms and Economic Pressures (Case Study in Sukaresmi Village)
Child marriage is a social phenomenon that remains quite high in Sukaresmi Village, influenced by various social and economic norms. This phenomenon occurs without official registration in accordance with the provisions of Indonesia's Marriage Law, particularly concerning the minimum age requirement of 19 years. This practice is often carried out as a community effort to address social and economic issues, especially among middle-class families and those with relatively low education levels. Economic factors serve as the primary driving force, where families with unstable and limited income choose to marry off their underage children to alleviate economic burdens and simultaneously reinforce poverty rates. On the other hand, social and cultural norms that still uphold traditional values and customary influences strengthen the perception that marriage is a matter of honor and morality in society, leading the community to accept this practice despite its legal prohibition. The existence of this unregistered marriage practice is also accompanied by a lack of legal education and literacy, as well as limited access to information and services from the government. As a result, children who marry secretly often experience school dropouts, are completely dependent on their partners, and are vulnerable to legal and social problems in the future. Therefore, strategic efforts are needed to improve legal, economic, and social norm education to reduce underage marriage practices and protect children's rights.
Legal Safeguards for Government Criticism Expression on Social Media Platforms Under the 2016 Information and Electronic Transactions Law (Law No. 19/2016)
Advances in information technology in the digital era have given rise to social media as a new means for people to voice their opinions, including criticizing the government. However, this freedom of expression often conflicts with legal aspects, particularly the provisions of Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions (ITE), which was amended by Law Number 19 of 2016, specifically Article 27 paragraph (3) and Article 28 paragraph (2). This research aims to examine how these two articles are implemented in responding to criticism of the government conveyed through social media and the extent to which legal protection is provided to citizens. The focus of the research was directed toward the case of Bima Yudho Saputro, who was reported for criticizing conditions in his home region through TikTok. This research adopts a normative juridical method with an analytical approach to legal and case research. The findings suggest that these articles are often misinterpreted and risk criminalizing legally valid forms of criticism, despite not fulfilling the elements of a crime. Legal protection, both preventive and repressive, remains ineffective due to weak regulations, insufficient understanding among law enforcement officials, and limited public access to legal aid. Therefore, regulatory reform and institutional strengthening are needed to ensure that freedom of expression remains protected within a democratic, rule-of-law system.
The Professional Zakat Calculation System in Indonesia
The professional zakat (income zakat) calculation system in Indonesia is stipulated by two authoritative sources: the Indonesian Ulema Council (Majelis Ulama Indonesia/MUI) Fatwa No. 3 of 2003, which states that professional zakat is calculated based on net income (after basic needs are deducted) annually; and the National Zakat Agency (Badan Amil Zakat Nasional/BAZNAS) Decree No. 1 of 2024, which stipulates that professional zakat is calculated based on gross income monthly and annually. This divergence presents a fundamental problem in the application of professional zakat in Indonesia. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the professional zakat calculation system from the perspective of both MUI and BAZNAS. This study employs an empirical-normative legal research method. Primary data were obtained through interviews, and secondary data were collected from primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials, all analyzed qualitatively. The results indicate that professional zakat in Indonesia can be calculated from either net income (by deducting essential living expenses such as food, clothing, shelter, dependents’ needs including healthcare and education, and then paying 2.5% zakat if it reaches the nisab equivalent to 85 grams of gold annually), or from gross income (by paying 2.5% zakat at the time of income receipt, provided it meets the monthly nisab of IDR 6,859,349.00 or the annual nisab of IDR 82,312,725.00).
Legal Protection for Children Exploited as Beggars in Bandar Lampung City
Child exploitation through forced begging in Bandar Lampung City constitutes a severe violation of fundamental rights, substantially undermining both physical and psychological development. Criminal networks systematically manipulate vulnerable minors for economic gain, representing a grave breach of child labor protection statutes. This research examines law enforcement mechanisms targeting exploitation perpetrators, identifies systemic barriers, and proposes enhanced legal protection frameworks. The investigation employs a sociological-juridical methodology, utilizing documentary analysis, ethnographic observations, and structured interviews with law enforcement personnel, social service practitioners, and child advocacy specialists. Analysis draws upon child protection theory and progressive jurisprudence principles. Findings reveal enforcement mechanisms remain fragmented, reactive, and institutionally unsupported. Primary impediments encompass inter-agency coordination deficits, inadequate street children documentation, and insufficient rehabilitation funding. The research advocates for policy restructuring and systematic strengthening of child protection mechanisms through interdisciplinary collaboration. The study's significance lies in advancing more integrated and effective legal safeguards for exploited children across municipal and national jurisdictions.
Service Quality and Consumer Satisfaction at Fore Coffee: A Generation Z Study in Surabaya
The business world continues to evolve alongside rapid changes, particularly evident in the coffee shop sector's remarkable growth. This study aims to examine how service quality influences consumer satisfaction among Generation Z customers. The research population encompasses all Generation Z consumers in Surabaya, with a sample size of 100 respondents. Service quality serves as the independent variable, while consumer satisfaction functions as the dependent variable. Data collection utilized a questionnaire instrument, subsequently analyzed using SPSS version 26 software. Multiple linear regression was employed for data analysis. The findings demonstrate that service quality exerts a significant positive influence on Generation Z consumer satisfaction at Fore Coffee in Surabaya. The Adjusted R Square value of 64.6% provides empirical validation of these results.
Law Enforcement of Corruption Offenses in Village Budget (APBDes) Development Sector of Salaon Dolok Village Government (Analysis of Court Decision Number: 49/Pid.Sus-TPK/2023/PN Mdn)
This study reviews the judicial decision of the Medan District Court Number 49/Pid.Sus-TPK/2023/PN Mdn on corruption in village fund management (APBDes) in the development sector. In this case, village officials committed authority abuse by falsifying accountability documents, diverting budgeted funds to cover up previous audit findings, and leaving planned physical infrastructure projects uncompleted. The trial's evidentiary process relied on documentary evidence including accountability reports, disbursement records, and details of suspicious transactions plus forensic audit results that confirmed state financial losses amounting to Rp383,896,956.97 as well as witness testimonies supporting these irregularities. Effective law enforcement requires a complete investigation and prosecution with coordination and sanctions proportionate to the crime so that it can serve as a deterrent for similar future acts; however, the quality of judicial decisions and public confidence are still affected by internal problems such as inconsistent integrity and professional capacity of law enforcement personnel, together with external problems such as political interference, inadequate supervision mechanisms, low community legal awareness, and insufficient witness protection. Strengthening institutional independence, inter-agency coordination, oversight intensity, and sustained legal education for communities are essential to achieving greater consistency and credibility in handling village budget corruption cases.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sintia Andayani, Kusbianto Kusbianto, Ida Nadirah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Legal Protection Analysis of Personal Data Breaches in Shopee Paylater Consumer Loan Transactions
The widespread use of personal information in pay-later-based loan applications services reflects the vulnerability of digital security systems implemented by technology companies in Indonesia. Recently, several Shopee users reported being victims of such cases, claiming they never activated the paylater feature, yet their bank loan applications were declined due to poor credit records linked to SPayLater usage. While services like Shopee's SPayLater offer convenience, they also increase the risks of default and data breaches. Incidents such as improper debt collection practices and unauthorized access to ShopeePay balance reveal flaws in the platform's data protection and security measures. This underscores the need for in-depth research to strengthen legal safeguards for consumer personal data in Shopee's digital transactions. Findings indicate that SPayLater, as the data controller, holds the responsibility to collect, process, and protect consumer information throughout its lifecycle. Nevertheless, Shopee is perceived to have fallen short in fulfilling this duty, resulting in consumers suffering losses from unauthorized use of their data for loan applications. This situation highlights the urgency for more robust legal protections—both internally and externally to guarantee the protection of users' personal information. This research uses a normative legal research type with a descriptive research type. The problem approach uses a statutory approach with a case approach.
Management of Village Funds to Improve Development in Galung Village, Barru Regency
This study examines the effectiveness of village fund management in enhancing development, analyzes the impact of village funds on development improvement, and identifies supporting and inhibiting factors for village fund realization in Galung Village, Barru Regency. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method with a case study approach. Data collection utilized primary and secondary sources, including the Galung Village Budget Realization Report and interviews with key informants. Data analysis combined effectiveness ratio analysis and qualitative data analysis through data organization and coding, theme and pattern identification, data interpretation, narrative compilation, verification, triangulation, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that village fund management effectiveness in Galung Village, Barru Regency during 2019-2023 achieved an effective category with 100% realization rate annually. Village funds positively impacted development through infrastructure improvements that enhanced accessibility, facility utilization, and community quality of life. Supporting factors for village fund realization include clear government policies and robust technology information systems. Meanwhile, inhibiting factors encompass limited human resource capacity, adverse weather conditions, and insufficient community participation.
Juridical Review of Judicial Considerations in Deciding Tax Criminal Cases (Case Study of Decision No. 582/Pid.Sus/2023/PN.Jkt.Sel)
This study analyzes the judicial review of judge's considerations in deciding tax criminal cases (Case Study of Decision No. 582/Pid.Sus/2023/PN.Jkt.Sel). The research employs normative legal research methodology. The study utilizes statutory approach and case approach. Data collection method relies on library research. The analysis of legal materials applies prescriptive-normative analytical techniques. The research findings reveal that the application of substantive criminal law in tax criminal case Decision No. 582/Pid.Sus/2023/PN.Jkt.Sel, specifically the application of substantive law against defendant Hijrah Saputra as stated in the first subsidiary indictment by the public prosecutor, was not appropriately implemented based on the panel of judges' considerations linked to various evidence presented during the trial. The panel of judges ruled that defendant Hijrah Saputra was legally and convincingly proven guilty of committing continuous tax crimes as regulated under Law Number 6 of 1983. The legal considerations by judges in imposing sentences incorporated both juridical and non-juridical factors. Juridical considerations examined facts discovered during the trial, including the public prosecutor's indictment, defendant's testimony, witness statements, expert testimony, and evidence. Non-juridical considerations were based on the defendant's background, accountability capacity, and resulting consequences. The panel of judges should have strengthened their considerations, particularly regarding aggravating circumstances.
The Probability of Implementing Restorative Justice in Business Dispute Resolution
The research analyzes the urgency and success probability of restorative justice implementation in business dispute resolution. The study employs normative legal research methodology through statutory and conceptual approaches. Legal material collection utilizes literature studies by identifying, gathering, and inventorying relevant primary and secondary legal sources. The analysis results demonstrate that restorative justice application becomes essential in business dispute resolution as it provides efficient, economical solutions while preserving business relationships. The mechanism serves as a strategic alternative to rigid and costly litigation, strengthening legal certainty and business climate competitiveness in Indonesia. The success rate of restorative justice in business dispute resolution shows promising potential when supported by parties' willingness, competent facilitators, and clear regulatory frameworks.
Juridical Review of Human Trafficking as a Transnational Crime
Human trafficking across national borders represents a critical challenge to Indonesia's national security and human rights protection. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of international cooperation mechanisms in counter-trafficking efforts and analyze the strategic approaches implemented by Lemhannas RI (Indonesia's National Resilience Institute) and BNPP (National Border Management Agency) in combating transnational crime at Indonesia's borders. This research employs a descriptive-qualitative methodology through document analysis, policy review, and examination of legal frameworks, including the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW, ratified through Law No. 7/1984), Law No. 21/2007 on Human Trafficking Eradication, and the Palermo Protocol standards. The results reveal that while Indonesia has established a progressive legal framework, implementation faces challenges due to economic disparities, demographic pressures, and patriarchal norms. International cooperation mechanisms show limited effectiveness due to jurisdictional complexities and weak cross-border coordination. The strategic approaches by Lemhannas RI and BNPP require strengthened inter-agency collaboration and enhanced border control mechanisms, particularly in vulnerable maritime regions. The study concludes that effective human trafficking eradication demands an integrated approach combining robust law enforcement, enhanced international cooperation, and targeted socio-economic interventions. Recommendations include strengthening maritime border surveillance, developing comprehensive victim protection programs, and establishing more effective international cooperation mechanisms.
Pengaruh Nilai-Nilai Etika Terhadap Pencapaian Kinerja Bisnis (Studi Empiris Pelaku Ekonomi)
The research aims to analyze the implementation of business ethics values in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Banda Aceh City. Through a quantitative approach with survey method, data collection involved 150 SME owners as respondents selected through stratified random sampling technique. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using multiple regression analysis. The results show that the implementation of business ethics values has a positive and significant effect on SME performance, with honesty in transactions as the most dominant factor (41.2%). There are significant differences in the implementation of business ethics values based on business sectors, where the service sector shows a higher level of implementation. The research findings benefit the development of business ethics for SMEs in developing countries
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Law and Economics https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Penerapan Prinsip-Prinsip Good Governance dan Penanggulangan Tingkat Kemiskinan Di Kabupaten Aceh Barat
Good governance plays a crucial role in influencing economic growth in a region, which subsequently contributes to poverty reduction. However, high poverty levels and uneven economic growth can negatively impact local communities. This study examines the effects of transparency, accountability, participation, and equity on poverty alleviation in West Aceh Regency. A mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative techniques with a triangulation design, was employed. The study involved 379 respondents who were major recipients of social assistance from three sub-districts: Kaway XVI, Samatiga, and Woyla. Data were collected through questionnaires, and additional insights were obtained from three government officials involved in poverty alleviation efforts at BAPEDDA West Aceh Regency. Data analysis utilized multiple linear regression with SPSS 22. The findings indicate that transparency significantly and positively influences poverty alleviation by ensuring that aid distribution is targeted and effectively managed. Accountability also has a significant positive effect, as it integrates community involvement from planning to program evaluation. Participation contributes positively by aligning programs with local needs and enhancing implementation success. Lastly, equity positively impacts poverty alleviation by promoting fair resource distribution, enabling programs to effectively reach all societal levels, including vulnerable groups.
Faktor Penentu Keputusan Pembelian Online pada E-Commerce Shopee di Era Pasca Pandemi COVID-19: Studi Empiris di Kota Banda Aceh
This study employs a quantitative approach, utilizing both primary and secondary data sources. The objective is to examine the influence of price, trust, and security on online purchasing decisions on Shopee e-commerce in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era. The population consists of residents of Banda Aceh City, with a sample of 100 respondents selected using the purposive sampling technique. Data analysis is conducted using multiple linear regression with the assistance of SPSS software. The findings indicate that the variables of price, trust, and security collectively have a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions. Individually, each variable—price, trust, and security—also exerts a positive and significant influence on purchasing decisions.