Journal of Law and Economics
type: channel
description: Journal of Law and Economics is a peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes original research, reviews, and case studies at the intersection of legal and economic disciplines. The journal aims to disseminate knowledge about the economic analysis of law, regulatory policies, and the economic implications of legal frameworks across various sectors. Indonesian Template Download English Template Download
publisher: Yayasan Kawanad
language: en
publication name: Journal of Law and Economics
issn: 2963-9204
copyright: Articles in this journal are published under the Creative Commons Attribution Licence (CC-BY 4.0). This means that users may share and adapt the articles published on this website in a reasonable manner, but they must give appropriate credit to the creator and indicate the changes they have made. Users must not apply additional restrictions, but must publish the work under the same license (CC-BY 4.0).
items: Peran Green Attitude dalam Memediasi Pengaruh Green Perceived Value dan Green Trust terhadap Green Purchase Intention pada Konsumen Generasi Z Merek Sustainable Fashion Cottonink
items: Peran Kuasa Hukum dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Kepabeanan dan Cukai pada Pengadilan Pajak (Studi Kasus Putusan Nomor 1430/B/PK/Pjk/2026)
items: Penegakan Hukum terhadap Tindak Pidana Judi Online oleh Ditreskrimsus Polda Jawa Timur (Studi Kasus Putusan Nomor 475/Pid.B/2026/PN Sby)
items: Pemahaman dan Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak terhadap PPN dan PPh Pasal 21 di Jawa Barat
items: Perizinan Berusaha dalam Perspektif Hukum Administrasi Negara dan Ekonomi
items: The Effect of Social Media, Marketing Communication, and Customer Reviews on Purchasing Decisions in E-Commerce among Generation Z Students in Medan City
items: The Interplay of Halal Operations Management and Supply Chain Integration on Logistics Performance in West Java's SMEs
items: Marriage Dispensation Orders: Judicial Product or State Administrative Decision
items: Digital Discretion and AI-Based Automated Decisions in Indonesian Administrative Law
items: Kepastian Hukum terhadap Praktik Gesek Tunai Kartu Kredit
items: The Role of Financial Literacy, Accounting Literacy, and Digital Literacy in Improving the Managerial Ability of MSMEs
items: The Influence of Emotional and Rational Factors on Traders' Decision in Choosing Islamic Banking Services (Case Study of Traders at Baruga Market)
items: Examining Bank Health Ratings and Their Impact on Non-Performing Financing in Indonesian Islamic Banks
items: Budget Efficiency vs Public Service: A Critical Evaluation of Presidential Instruction No. 1 of 2025
items: Normative Approach to Law and Economics in Developing Countries: Challenges in Establishing Efficient and Just Market Regulations
items: Preventive Measures Against Non-Performing Loans: Implementation of Prudential Principles in the Buy Now Pay Later (BNPL) Scheme Through Bank–E-Commerce Partnerships
items: The Role of Prosecutor's Investigators in Handling Corruption Crimes of Family Planning Operational Assistance Fund Embezzlement in Tanggamus Regency
items: Integration into Formal Economy: A Systematic Review on the Challenges and Opportunities for Informal SMEs in Cambodia
items: The Doctrine of Unlawful Acts in E-Commerce Consumer Protection
items: Analysis of the Impact of 12% VAT Implementation on the Indonesian Economy: An Empirical Study of the U-Shaped Impact Phenomenon on Public Purchasing Power in the January-June 2025 Period
items: Legal Analysis of Post-Divorce Child Protection Rights (Case Study: Decision No. 3/Pdt.G/2025/PTA.Smd)
items: Personal Data Security Violations in East Jakarta Regional Elections: Legal Analysis Through Personal Data Protection Legislation
items: Legal Analysis of Marriage Dispensation Requests for Minors in Cases of Premarital Pregnancy (Case Study: Decision No. 82/PDT.P/2024/PA.PROB)
items: Analysis of Child Custody Following Divorce Caused by Apostasy Under Positive Law and Islamic Legal Frameworks (Case Study: Case No. 1189/Pdt.G/2023/PA.Tnk)
items: Analysis of Unregistered Child Marriage Practices Through the Lens of Social Norms and Economic Pressures (Case Study in Sukaresmi Village)
items: Legal Safeguards for Government Criticism Expression on Social Media Platforms Under the 2016 Information and Electronic Transactions Law (Law No. 19/2016)
items: The Professional Zakat Calculation System in Indonesia
items: Legal Protection for Children Exploited as Beggars in Bandar Lampung City
items: Service Quality and Consumer Satisfaction at Fore Coffee: A Generation Z Study in Surabaya
items: Law Enforcement of Corruption Offenses in Village Budget (APBDes) Development Sector of Salaon Dolok Village Government (Analysis of Court Decision Number: 49/Pid.Sus-TPK/2023/PN Mdn)

Peran Green Attitude dalam Memediasi Pengaruh Green Perceived Value dan Green Trust terhadap Green Purchase Intention pada Konsumen Generasi Z Merek Sustainable Fashion Cottonink
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the effects of Green Perceived Value and Green Trust on Green Purchase Intention, with Green Attitude as a mediating variable among Generation Z consumers of Cottonink. The study is theoretically grounded in the Theory of Planned Behavior, the Green Marketing Framework (Ottman), and Sustainability Marketing Theory (Belz & Peattie). A quantitative explanatory approach was employed using an online survey with a 5-point Likert-scale questionnaire. The respondents were Generation Z consumers aged 19–28 who were familiar with or had purchased Cottonink products. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to examine direct and indirect relationships among the variables. The results show that Green Perceived Value and Green Trust have positive and significant effects on Green Attitude, while Green Attitude has a positive and significant effect on Green Purchase Intention. In contrast, Green Perceived Value and Green Trust do not have significant direct effects on Green Purchase Intention. The mediation analysis shows that Green Attitude significantly mediates the relationships between Green Perceived Value and Green Purchase Intention and between Green Trust and Green Purchase Intention. These findings indicate that positive consumer attitudes play an important role in translating perceived green value and trust into purchase intention toward sustainable fashion products.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Green Perceived Value
  topic: keywords
subject: Green Trust
  topic: keywords
subject: Green Attitude
  topic: keywords
subject: Green Purchase Intention
  topic: keywords
creator: Sausan Zahra Mumtazah Rusbiyanto
creator: Tyahya Whisnu Hendratni
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Sausan Zahra Mumtazah Rusbiyanto, Tyahya Whisnu Hendratni (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-11-01
publication date: 2026-11-01
starting page: 92
ending page: 104
doi: 10.56347/jle.v5i2.443

Peran Kuasa Hukum dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Kepabeanan dan Cukai pada Pengadilan Pajak (Studi Kasus Putusan Nomor 1430/B/PK/Pjk/2026)
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze the role of legal counsel in resolving customs and excise disputes before the Tax Court based on Decision Number 1430/B/PK/Pjk/2026, the application of tax procedural law, and the legal considerations of judges in deciding customs and excise administrative disputes. This study employs normative legal research using a statutory approach and a case approach. The results show that legal counsel plays a role in assisting the parties through the preparation of legal arguments, submission of evidence, and legal defense during court proceedings. The application of tax procedural law in the case is reflected in the examination of the dispute, submission of evidence, and the implementation of judicial review proceedings. The judges’ considerations in deciding the case were based on material truth, the principle of legality, and legal certainty in assessing the dispute over the classification of imported goods and import duty rates. The findings also show that the role of legal counsel in the case was related to the ability to formulate legal arguments and present evidence consistent with the facts and applicable laws and regulations. Therefore, the role of legal counsel in resolving customs and excise disputes is not limited to assisting the parties but also involves the preparation of legal arguments and presentation of evidence during court proceedings.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Role of Legal Counsel
  topic: keywords
subject: Legal Protection
  topic: keywords
subject: Tax Law
  topic: keywords
subject: Tax Procedural Law
  topic: keywords
subject: Administrative Dispute
  topic: keywords
creator: Singgih Januratmoko
creator: Moch Abdan Salam
creator: Zainal Arifin Hossein
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Singgih Januratmoko, Moch Abdan Salam, Zainal Arifin Hossein (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-11-01
publication date: 2026-11-01
starting page: 82
ending page: 91
doi: 10.56347/jle.v5i2.430

Penegakan Hukum terhadap Tindak Pidana Judi Online oleh Ditreskrimsus Polda Jawa Timur (Studi Kasus Putusan Nomor 475/Pid.B/2026/PN Sby)
type: item
description: This study aims to analyze law enforcement against online gambling offenses by the Special Criminal Investigation Directorate (Ditreskrimsus) of the East Java Regional Police, identify the obstacles encountered, and examine the application of law in Decision Number 475/Pid.B/2026/PN Sby based on criminal law provisions and the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (ITE Law). This study employs an empirical legal research method with an empirical juridical approach. The data were analyzed qualitatively to examine the implementation of law enforcement and the application of legal provisions to online gambling offenses. The results show that law enforcement against online gambling offenses is carried out through pre-investigation, investigation, collection and examination of electronic evidence, and the imposition of criminal sanctions on perpetrators based on applicable legal provisions. The implementation of law enforcement still faces several obstacles, including difficulties in tracing perpetrators, proving offenses through electronic evidence, limited facilities and human resources, and low public legal awareness. Meanwhile, the application of law in Decision Number 475/Pid.B/2026/PN Sby shows that the gambling offense committed through electronic media was processed through the criminal justice system and resulted in the imposition of a criminal sentence on the defendant. The decision demonstrates the application of criminal law enforcement to technology-based gambling offenses in order to provide legal certainty and maintain public order.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Online Gambling
  topic: keywords
subject: ITE Law
  topic: keywords
subject: Law Enforcement
  topic: keywords
subject: Cyber Crime
  topic: keywords
creator: Moch Abdan Salam
creator: Singgih Januratmoko
creator: Zainal Arifin Hossein
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Moch Abdan Salam, Singgih Januratmoko, Zainal Arifin Hossein (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-11-01
publication date: 2026-11-01
starting page: 71
ending page: 81
doi: 10.56347/jle.v5i2.429

Pemahaman dan Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak terhadap PPN dan PPh Pasal 21 di Jawa Barat
type: item
description: This study examined the understanding and compliance of taxpayers with respect to Value Added Tax (VAT) and Income Tax (PPh) Article 21 in West Java Province. Tax revenue constitutes the primary fiscal base of the Indonesian state, and the country's self-assessment system places the full burden of calculation, payment, and reporting on the taxpayer — making their level of understanding a direct determinant of compliance outcomes. A quantitative survey method was employed, with data gathered through structured questionnaires distributed to individual and corporate taxpayers subject to VAT and/or PPh Article 21 obligations. The findings indicate that taxpayer understanding of VAT and PPh Article 21 regulations does not produce a positive effect on compliance levels, whether measured through reporting behavior or payment conduct. Although overall compliance was relatively adequate, gaps in technical knowledge — particularly in tax administration procedures — remained apparent. Sustained investment in tax education and public outreach is therefore necessary to build more durable compliance patterns across West Java.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Taxpayer Understanding
  topic: keywords
subject: Taxpayer Compliance
  topic: keywords
subject: Value Added Tax (VAT)
  topic: keywords
subject: Income Tax Article 21
  topic: keywords
subject: West Java
  topic: keywords
creator: Faridz Maulana Arif
creator: Fauzan Ali Nursya’bani
creator: Muhammad Afif
creator: Muhammad Ikhsan Al Anshori
creator: Rakha Al Gifhari Budiman
creator: Rakha Ariyadi Pratama
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Faridz Maulana Arif, Fauzan Ali Nursya’bani, Muhammad Afif, Muhammad Ikhsan Al Anshori, Rakha Al Gifhari Budiman, Rakha Ariyadi Pratama (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-30
publication date: 2026-05-30
starting page: 31
ending page: 40
doi: 10.56347/jle.v5i1.427

Perizinan Berusaha dalam Perspektif Hukum Administrasi Negara dan Ekonomi
type: item
description: This study examines the role of State Administrative Law in promoting efficiency in the economic sector and social welfare through business licensing regulations. This issue is important because business licensing is not only an instrument of government control but also influences business actor behavior, transaction costs, legal certainty, and market competitiveness. The purpose of this study is to analyze government authority in terms of business licensing regulations and assess the extent of its influence on economic efficiency and public welfare. This study uses a normative juridical method with a statutory regulatory approach and a conceptual approach. Data were collected through a literature review of statutory regulations, state administrative law literature, and legal and economic studies. The analysis was conducted qualitatively by examining the relationship between administrative authority, licensing services, business actor compliance, and their impact on economic activity. The results of this study indicate that simple, transparent, and accountable business licensing can reduce bureaucratic barriers, increase compliance, and create certainty for business actors. Thus, State Administrative Law contributes significantly to building efficient, fair, and social welfare-oriented economic governance.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Administrative Law
  topic: keywords
subject: Business Licensing
  topic: keywords
subject: Economic Efficiency
  topic: keywords
subject: Business Actors
  topic: keywords
subject: Social Welfare
  topic: keywords
creator: Zulfikar Ali
creator: Intan Meitasari
creator: Yuniwati Yuniwati
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Zulfikar Ali, Intan Meitasari, Yuniwati Yuniwati (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-30
publication date: 2026-05-30
starting page: 41
ending page: 49
doi: 10.56347/jle.v5i1.426

The Effect of Social Media, Marketing Communication, and Customer Reviews on Purchasing Decisions in E-Commerce among Generation Z Students in Medan City
type: item
description: E-commerce purchasing behavior among Generation Z warrants serious scholarly attention — this cohort constitutes the largest segment of active digital users whose decision-making processes are shaped in ways older consumer models do not adequately capture. This study examined the influence of social media, marketing communications, and customer reviews on e-commerce purchasing decisions in Medan City, focusing on Generation Z students at several private universities. A quantitative survey design was employed, with data collected via structured questionnaires distributed to 100 respondents and analyzed using SPSS 26, encompassing validity and reliability tests, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression, t-tests, F-tests, and coefficient of determination. Each independent variable returned a positive and statistically significant effect on purchasing decisions. The simultaneous test confirmed that the three variables together exert a positive and significant influence on e-commerce purchasing decisions in Medan City. The Adjusted R Square of 0.417 indicates that 41.7% of the variance is accounted for by the model; the remaining 58.3% reflects variables outside the model's scope, including on-time delivery and discount practices.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Purchasing Decisions
  topic: keywords
subject: Social Media
  topic: keywords
subject: Marketing Communications
  topic: keywords
subject: Customer Reviews
  topic: keywords
creator: Achiruddin Siregar
creator: Moh. Zaini
creator: Dwi Wahyono
creator: Yuni Candra
creator: Dikdik Purwadisastra
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Achiruddin Siregar, Moh. Zaini, Dwi Wahyono, Yuni Candra, Dikdik Purwadisastra (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-30
publication date: 2026-05-30
starting page: 50
ending page: 60
doi: 10.56347/jle.v5i1.424

The Interplay of Halal Operations Management and Supply Chain Integration on Logistics Performance in West Java's SMEs
type: item
description: The global expansion of the halal industry has placed considerable pressure on food supply chains, particularly among small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in West Java's food sector. This research examines the interplay between halal operations management practices and supply chain integration to determine their combined effects on logistics performance, addressing persistent gaps in halal logistics efficiency. A quantitative approach employing partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) analyzes survey responses from 186 food SMEs across West Java, treating halal operations management and supply chain integration as key independent constructs, with logistics performance as the dependent variable; mediation effects were tested through bootstrapping procedures. Halal operations management significantly improves logistics performance, while supply chain integration fully mediates this relationship — West Java SMEs show measurable gains in on-time delivery and inventory efficiency when halal practices are structurally aligned with supply chain coordination. The cross-sectional design limits causal inference, and findings may not generalize beyond food SMEs in West Java; future research should examine longitudinal effects and multi-sector applications across Indonesia. This study is among the first to connect halal operations management with supply chain integration in explaining logistics performance among Indonesian SMEs, addressing theoretical gaps between Islamic business practices and modern supply chain theory while offering a practical framework for West Java's halal sector development.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Halal Operations Management
  topic: keywords
subject: Supply Chain Integration
  topic: keywords
subject: Logistics Performance
  topic: keywords
subject: West Java SMEs
  topic: keywords
subject: PLS-SEM Analysis
  topic: keywords
creator: Tribowo Rachmat Fauzan
creator: Ajeung Syilva Syara Noor Silmi Sudrajat
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Tribowo Rachmat Fauzan, Ajeung Syilva Syara Noor Silmi Sudrajat (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-30
publication date: 2026-05-30
starting page: 20
ending page: 30
doi: 10.56347/jle.v5i1.421

Marriage Dispensation Orders: Judicial Product or State Administrative Decision
type: item
description: The amendment to the minimum marriage age through Law Number 16 of 2019 has led to a marked rise in applications for marriage dispensation before the Religious Courts, prompting a conceptual question regarding the legal standing of such orders — whether they ought to be read purely as judicial products or as state administrative decisions. Through normative legal research employing statutory and conceptual approaches, this study analyzes the juridical character of marriage dispensation orders and examines whether they satisfy the criteria of a state administrative decision, namely concreteness, individuality, finality, and the production of legal consequences, within the framework of administrative law. The findings reveal that marriage dispensation orders carry a hybrid character: procedurally issued as judicial products by the Religious Courts, yet substantively displaying characteristics of administrative decisions given that they constitute concrete, individual, and final grants of permission. This ambiguity signals the relevance of applying the general principles of good governance (AUPB) — particularly the principles of prudence and the protection of the best interests of the child — in adjudicating dispensation cases, and leads this study to advance the conceptualization of marriage dispensation orders as a judicialized administrative act, drawing attention to the intersection between judicial authority and administrative decision-making in the Indonesian legal system.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Marriage Dispensation
  topic: keywords
subject: State Administrative Decision
  topic: keywords
subject: Religious Courts
  topic: keywords
subject: Legal Ambiguity
  topic: keywords
subject: General Principles of Good Governance (AUPB)
  topic: keywords
creator: Lely Mahartina Khoiru Ummah
creator: Lilia Prasastiningtyas
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Lely Mahartina Khoiru Ummah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-01
publication date: 2026-05-01
starting page: 10
ending page: 19
doi: 10.56347/jle.v5i1.417

Digital Discretion and AI-Based Automated Decisions in Indonesian Administrative Law
type: item
description: The digital transformation of government has led to the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) to support public services, including complaint chatbots, automated social assistance eligibility assessment systems, and algorithm-based licensing. However, under administrative law, public decisions must be issued by authorized officials in accordance with the principles of legality and accountability. When part of the decision-making process is conducted through an automated system, important legal questions arise: Can automated decisions be categorized as a form of administrative discretion, and who bears legal responsibility when such decisions harm citizens? This study aims to analyze the legal status of AI-based automated decisions in relation to the concept of administrative discretion and to formulate a legal framework that ensures accountability, transparency, and the protection of citizens’ rights. This research employs a normative juridical method using statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The analysis focuses on Articles 22–23 of Law No. 30 of 2014 concerning Government Administration, relevant regulations on electronic-based government systems, and practices of digital public services. The findings show that automated decisions cannot be regarded as administrative discretion without a clear legal basis authorizing their use, while legal responsibility remains with the authorized officials or public institutions operating the system. The novelty of this study lies in its conceptualization of “digital discretion” within Indonesian administrative law and its proposal of a risk-based supervision model incorporating a human-in-the-loop mechanism to ensure that the use of AI in public administration remains subject to the rule of law.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Digital Discretion
  topic: keywords
subject: Administrative Law
  topic: keywords
subject: Ai-Based Public Services
  topic: keywords
creator: Lely Mahartina Khoiru Ummah
creator: Muhammad Wildan Sofi
creator: Abdalmonem Muhammad monem
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Lely Mahartina Khoiru Ummah, Muhammad Wildan Sofi (Author); Abdalmonem Muhammad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-11-01
publication date: 2026-11-01
starting page: 61
ending page: 70
doi: 10.56347/jle.v5i2.416

Kepastian Hukum terhadap Praktik Gesek Tunai Kartu Kredit
type: item
description: In the practice of credit card cash advances, cardholders withdraw cash at merchants that facilitate such services by pretending to make purchase transactions. This study analyzes whether credit card cash advances constitute unlawful acts and examines legal certainty regarding these practices through applicable regulations. The research employs a normative legal method with a statutory approach, utilizing primary legal materials, including the Civil Code, Financial Services Authority Regulations, and Bank Indonesia Regulations. Findings reveal that credit card cash advances constitute unlawful acts under Article 1365 of the Civil Code, potentially causing losses to multiple parties: customers whose data are misused, banks facing heightened bad loan risks, and threats to the overall stability of the financial system. Legal uncertainty surrounding credit card cash advances creates opportunities for criminals to carry out card forgery, fraud, personal data misuse, and money laundering. Therefore, coordinated efforts are needed to strengthen legal certainty regarding credit card cash advances, both through regulatory refinement and effective law enforcement.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Cash Withdrawal
  topic: keywords
subject: Credit Card
  topic: keywords
subject: Legal Certainty
  topic: keywords
creator: Dewi Rosmalasari
creator: Nin Yasmine Lisasih
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Dewi Rosmalasari, Nin Yasmine Lisasih (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-13
publication date: 2026-03-13
starting page: 1
ending page: 9
doi: 10.56347/jle.v5i1.395

The Role of Financial Literacy, Accounting Literacy, and Digital Literacy in Improving the Managerial Ability of MSMEs
type: item
description: Understanding financial management, accounting reporting, and digital technology utilization can enhance the quality of business managerial capabilities. This study examines the role of financial literacy, accounting literacy, and digital literacy in improving managerial capabilities of MSMEs. Partial results demonstrate that financial literacy, accounting literacy, and digital literacy exert positive and significant effects on managerial capabilities of MSMEs in Medan City. Simultaneous results indicate that financial literacy, accounting literacy, and digital literacy collectively exert positive and significant effects on managerial capabilities of MSMEs in Medan City. MSMEs in Medan City gain greater opportunities to strengthen their competitiveness and business sustainability. The Adjusted R Square value reaches 45.1%, while the remaining 54.9% stems from variables beyond the research model, including entrepreneurial behavior among others. Research findings necessitate support from local governments, educational institutions, and relevant stakeholders to enhance training and mentoring programs in financial, accounting, and digital literacy for MSMEs, thereby strengthening managerial capacity and fostering economic growth in Medan City.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Financial Literacy
  topic: keywords
subject: Accounting Literacy
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital Literacy
  topic: keywords
subject: Managerial Capabilities of MSMEs
  topic: keywords
creator: Metyria Imelda Hutabarat
creator: Ahmad Kamal Jama
creator: Aninditha Putri Kusumawardhani
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Metyria Imelda Hutabarat, Ahmad Kamal Jama, Aninditha Putri Kusumawardhani (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 280
ending page: 287
doi: 10.56347/jle.v4i2.394

The Influence of Emotional and Rational Factors on Traders' Decision in Choosing Islamic Banking Services (Case Study of Traders at Baruga Market)
type: item
description: This study aims to examine and analyze the influence of emotional and rational factors on traders' decisions in choosing Islamic banking services (case study of Baruga Market traders). This type of research is quantitative research. The data source in this study is primary data. The sample in this study amounted to 97 people taken using purposive sampling technique. The data collection technique used questionnaires distributed directly in the form of printed paper and Google from. Analyzed using multiple linear regression through SPSS software. The results of this study indicate that emotional factors have a significant influence on traders' decisions in choosing Islamic banking services (case study of Baruga Market traders), rational factors have a significant influence on traders' decisions in choosing Islamic banking services (case study of Baruga Market traders). As well as emotional factors and rational factors have a significant influence on traders' decisions in choosing Islamic banking services (case study of Baruga Market traders).
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Rational Factors
  topic: keywords
subject: Trader Decisions
  topic: keywords
creator: Wawan Wawan
creator: Indra Nola
creator: Lestari Daswan
creator: Sitti Nur Annisa Amalia
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Wawan Wawan, Indra Nola, Lestari Daswan, Sitti Nur Annisa Amalia (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 261
ending page: 270
doi: 10.56347/jle.v4i2.383

Examining Bank Health Ratings and Their Impact on Non-Performing Financing in Indonesian Islamic Banks
type: item
description: The relationship between Islamic Commercial Bank health indicators and non-performing financing requires careful examination amid recent economic volatility. Researchers analyzed quarterly financial data from eleven Indonesian Islamic Commercial Banks spanning 2019-2024 using panel data regression through E-views software, employing the RGEC framework with Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR), Return on Equity (ROE), Operating Expense to Operating Income Ratio (BOPO), and Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) as independent variables, while Non-Performing Financing (NPF) served as the dependent variable. Statistical analysis reveals that FDR, ROE, BOPO, and CAR jointly lack predictive power for NPF variations, with the model explaining merely 3.079% of variance (Adjusted R-Square). Individual variable testing identifies FDR as the sole significant predictor, demonstrating an inverse relationship with NPF—higher financing distribution correlates with lower default rates when lending remains selective, whereas ROE, BOPO, and CAR show no meaningful association with non-performing financing levels. These findings challenge conventional assumptions about financial ratio utility in predicting credit quality deterioration, as the model's weak explanatory power suggests internal financial metrics alone offer insufficient understanding of NPF dynamics. Future research should integrate external determinants including macroeconomic indicators, regulatory policy shifts, and institutional risk management practices to develop more robust predictive frameworks for Islamic banking credit risk.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR)
  topic: keywords
subject: Return on Equity (ROE)
  topic: keywords
subject: Operating Efficiency Ratio (OER)
  topic: keywords
subject: Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR)
  topic: keywords
subject: Non-Performing Financing (NPF)
  topic: keywords
subject: Islamic Banking
  topic: keywords
creator: Suci Rahmadani
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Suci Rahmadani (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 250
ending page: 260
doi: 10.56347/jle.v4i2.378

Budget Efficiency vs Public Service: A Critical Evaluation of Presidential Instruction No. 1 of 2025
type: item
description: This study evaluates Presidential Instruction No. 1/2025 on Budget Efficiency using William N. Dunn's policy evaluation model across five dimensions: effectiveness, efficiency, adequacy, responsiveness, and equity. The policy mandates IDR 256.1 trillion in budget cuts, including IDR 50.59 trillion in regional transfers. The qualitative-descriptive approach analyzes official policy documents, Ministry of Finance publications, Indonesia Corruption Watch data, and international literature on OECD fiscal consolidation practices. While aiming to reduce wasteful spending, the blanket-cutting approach—lacking performance-based evaluation and empirical evidence—threatens service delivery in education, health, and infrastructure. Regional transfer cuts undermine local autonomy and service capacity, particularly concerning given that 88% of regions depend on central transfers. Comparative analysis with Australia, Latvia, and Chile reveals that Presidential Instruction No. 1/2025 lacks critical mechanisms: ring-fencing protections, performance-based evaluation, results-driven incentives, and adequate compensation schemes. The study recommends temporary moratoriums for vital sectors, systematic spending review mechanisms, selective budget reduction targeting ineffective and leakage-prone programs, and strengthened institutional capacity for value-for-money budget management. Implementation requires strong political commitment, effective inter-governmental coordination, and robust information systems to achieve fiscal efficiency without sacrificing public service quality.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Budget Efficiency
  topic: keywords
subject: Policy Evaluation
  topic: keywords
subject: Regional Autonomy
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Service
  topic: keywords
subject: Fiscal Consolidation
  topic: keywords
subject: Spending Review
  topic: keywords
creator: Munawir Munawir
creator: Agus Suherman
creator: Naufal Haidar Ahmada
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Munawir Munawir, Agus Suherman, Naufal Haidar Ahmada (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 224
ending page: 236
doi: 10.56347/jle.v4i2.376

Normative Approach to Law and Economics in Developing Countries: Challenges in Establishing Efficient and Just Market Regulations
type: item
description: Market regulation in developing economies confronts a fundamental dilemma: how to achieve allocative efficiency without sacrificing distributive justice. Drawing on normative–empirical analysis of legal materials, policy frameworks, and comparative data from Indonesia, India, and Brazil, the research exposes persistent friction between growth-maximizing policies and principles of equity, legal certainty, and institutional legitimacy. Regulatory systems across these jurisdictions consistently favor efficiency metrics while sidelining distributional consequences—a pattern that widens socioeconomic gaps and weakens public confidence in state institutions. Countries with stronger legal infrastructures and mature normative traditions demonstrate greater capacity to embed justice considerations within economic governance. The study proposes a law–economics model where legal normativity operates not as ancillary to economic logic but as foundational to regulatory design, anchoring policy in fairness, predictability, and collective welfare. Theoretically, the work recasts law's dual role as both boundary and catalyst in economic systems. Practically, it outlines strategies for enhancing regulatory clarity, institutional responsibility, and policy credibility in developing settings—charting routes to prosperity that do not undermine social solidarity.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Normative Legal Framework
  topic: keywords
subject: Law and Economics
  topic: keywords
subject: Developing Economies
  topic: keywords
subject: Market Regulation
  topic: keywords
subject: Distributive Justice
  topic: keywords
creator: Intan Meitasari
creator: Suratno Suratno
creator: Yuniwati Yuniwati
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Intan Meitasari, Suratno Suratno, Yuniwati Yuniwati (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 237
ending page: 249
doi: 10.56347/jle.v4i2.373

Preventive Measures Against Non-Performing Loans: Implementation of Prudential Principles in the Buy Now Pay Later (BNPL) Scheme Through Bank–E-Commerce Partnerships
type: item
description: The financial sector in Indonesia has seen a very fast change to using digital technology. This has made it possible to have Buy Now Pay Later (BNPL) services where people can get money without needing credit cards. Banks that work with online shopping companies use BNPL plans to help more people use their financial services. However, these types of partnerships also bring large dangers: bad loans build up, moral hazard appears, and there are questions about the rules. We look at how legal systems and careful management rules work in BNPL partnerships through regular legal research methodology, studying law provisions and idea bases. Law No. 7/1992, changed by Law No. 10/1998 on Banking, sets out careful needs that OJK puts into action through Regulations No. 18/ POJK.03/2016, No. 40/POJK.03/2019, No. 12/POJK.03/2021, and Circular Letter No. 34/SEOJK .03/2016 Banks put into practice careful standards by checking digital credit worthiness managing joined risks watching assets and checking partners from time to time Yet big problems stay: banks and platforms cannot share data easily regulatory power breaks up among many agencies and following the rules culture is still weak Careful ideas do more than meet rule needs they form the legal-ethical base that keeps public trust and financial safety Achieving good practice needs OJK Bank Indonesia and Kominfo to work together in their control actions guard consumers and make good digital money innovation possible.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Prudential Principle
  topic: keywords
subject: Non-Performing Loans
  topic: keywords
subject: Buy Now Pay Later
  topic: keywords
subject: Bank-E-Commerce Partnership
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital Financial Innovation
  topic: keywords
creator: Siti Nurhasanah
creator: Dewi Septiana
creator: Kasmawati Kasmawati
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Siti Nurhasanah, Dewi Septiana, Kasmawati Kasmawati (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 211
ending page: 223
doi: 10.56347/jle.v4i2.371

The Role of Prosecutor's Investigators in Handling Corruption Crimes of Family Planning Operational Assistance Fund Embezzlement in Tanggamus Regency
type: item
description: Corruption remains a heavy burden for Indonesia in its quality as an extraordinary crime since it has very broad implications for aspects of governance, development, and public trust in state institutions. This study aims to analyze the role of prosecutor's investigators in handling corruption cases related to the illegal deduction of Family Planning Operational Assistance (BOKB) funds in Tanggamus Regency. The research methodology used normative and empirical juridical approaches with primary data collected through interviews with law enforcement officials and secondary data sourced from statutory provisions, case files, and scientific literature. The Tanggamus District Prosecutor's Office carried out the main tasks at the stages of investigation, indictment, and prosecution. In case Number PDS/02/TGMS/07/2022, investigators revealed a systematic scheme where 17.5% was deducted from every fund disbursement causing state financial losses amounting to approximately IDR 1.55 billion. Several barriers were faced during the investigation; witness testimonies were inconsistent, facilities and infrastructure were inadequate, and forensic audits to calculate state losses faced delays. Increasing inter-institutional coordination between prosecutors and related agencies as well as improving infrastructural capacity is necessary to increase both legitimacy and effectiveness in corruption eradication.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Corruption Crime
  topic: keywords
subject: Prosecutor's Investigator
  topic: keywords
subject: BOKB
  topic: keywords
subject: Tanggamus
  topic: keywords
subject: Law Enforcement
  topic: keywords
creator: Budi Setiawan SP
creator: Rinaldy Amrullah
creator: Muhtadi Muhtadi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Budi Setiawan SP, Rinaldy Amrullah, Muhtadi Muhtadi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 202
ending page: 210
doi: 10.56347/jle.v4i2.361

Integration into Formal Economy: A Systematic Review on the Challenges and Opportunities for Informal SMEs in Cambodia
type: item
description: The informal economy accounts for a substantial share of economic activity across developing nations, where Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) serve as primary engines for job creation and income generation. Yet informality frequently confines these enterprises to persistent cycles of low productivity and economic vulnerability. Drawing on 12 studies published between 2000 and 2025, our systematic literature review examines the multifaceted barriers and pathways associated with transitioning informal SMEs into the formal economy, with particular attention to Cambodia. We synthesize theoretical frameworks on informal economy dynamics and SME development, analyze Cambodia's informal sector characteristics, identify formalization obstacles, and examine integration possibilities. Our literature search spanned multiple databases—JSTOR, Google Scholar, and repositories from the ILO, UNDP, World Bank, and ADB. We selected peer-reviewed articles and reports addressing informal economy and SME formalization in Cambodia and Southeast Asia more broadly. Our findings reveal that despite substantial barriers—financial constraints and regulatory complexities—targeted policy interventions can unlock considerable integration potential.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Informal Economy
  topic: keywords
subject: SMEs
  topic: keywords
subject: Formalization
  topic: keywords
subject: Cambodia
  topic: keywords
subject: Economic Development
  topic: keywords
creator: Chanthan Or
creator: Sophat Phon
creator: Mardy Serey
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Law and Economics https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 182
ending page: 192
doi: 10.56347/jle.v4i2.360

The Doctrine of Unlawful Acts in E-Commerce Consumer Protection
type: item
description: The development of digital technology has driven an increase in transactions through e-commerce platforms. However, this dynamic has also given rise to various violations of consumer rights, such as fraud, goods not as described, and misuse of personal data. This study aims to analyze the application of the doctrine of unlawful acts (PMH) in resolving disputes regarding consumer rights violations on e-commerce platforms. The method used is normative legal research with a statutory, conceptual, and case-based approach. The results show that the elements of PMH as stipulated in Article 1365 of the Civil Code can be applied to cases of consumer rights violations, whether committed by business actors or third parties. Furthermore, developments in jurisprudence have broadened the definition of PMH, allowing consumers to claim compensation not only when there is a violation of the law, but also when business actors act contrary to the principles of propriety, morality, and good faith. Thus, the PMH doctrine can be an important instrument in consumer protection in the digital era, although more stringent specific regulations regarding e-commerce are still needed.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Unlawful Acts
  topic: keywords
subject: Consumer Protection
  topic: keywords
subject: E-Commerce
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital Transactions
  topic: keywords
subject: Jurisprudence
  topic: keywords
creator: Serlita Ruben Pendang
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Law and Economics https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 193
ending page: 201
doi: 10.56347/jle.v4i2.354

Analysis of the Impact of 12% VAT Implementation on the Indonesian Economy: An Empirical Study of the U-Shaped Impact Phenomenon on Public Purchasing Power in the January-June 2025 Period
type: item
description: This study examines the economic impacts of Indonesia's 12% Value Added Tax (VAT) during January-June 2025 using a Difference-in-Differences (DiD) approach. The VAT increase from 11% to 12%, effective January 1, 2025, aims to boost state revenue and support post-pandemic economic recovery. Analysis draws on time series data from Statistics Indonesia (BPS), Bank Indonesia, and the Ministry of Finance, along with household surveys and MSME data. Results show that the 12% VAT added 0.45 percentage points to national inflation, with manufacturing bearing the largest burden at 0.18 percentage points. A striking U-shaped pattern emerged in purchasing power effects: middle-income groups (quintile 3) suffered the steepest decline of 3.4%, while low and high-income groups experienced smaller reductions. The VAT exhibits regressive characteristics, pushing the Gini coefficient from 0.381 to 0.394 and raising poverty rates from 9.54% to 9.78%—forcing approximately 640,000 people below the poverty line. While state revenue increased by 18.7%, mitigation interventions worth 0.3-0.5% of GDP became necessary. The study recommends targeted mitigation strategies: focused social compensation, revised VAT-exempt goods lists, and integrated progressive tax reforms.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: 12% VAT
  topic: keywords
subject: Economic Ramifications
  topic: keywords
subject: U-Shaped Impact
  topic: keywords
subject: Income Disparity
  topic: keywords
subject: Fiscal Policy
  topic: keywords
creator: Wenti Frisca Septiani Putri
creator: Oliviane Oroh
creator: Dikdik Maulana
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Law and Economics https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 165
ending page: 181
doi: 10.56347/jle.v4i2.342

Legal Analysis of Post-Divorce Child Protection Rights (Case Study: Decision No. 3/Pdt.G/2025/PTA.Smd)
type: item
description: Rising divorce rates have triggered custody disputes where children's fundamental rights face systematic neglect, generating psychological trauma and legal ambiguity. This research examines post-divorce child protection under Law No. 35 of 2014 on Child Protection, analyzing Decision No. 3/Pdt.G/2025/PTA.Smd as a case study. Two primary questions guide the investigation: first, how courts operationalize the child welfare principle in custody determinations within Decision No. 3/Pdt.G/2025/PTA.Smd; second, how Law No. 35 of 2014 safeguards children's rights amid post-divorce custody conflicts. Employing normative juridical methodology through statutory, conceptual, and case study approaches, the research reveals that Law No. 35 of 2014 establishes child welfare as the paramount consideration in all child-related decisions. The principle addresses physical, psychological, social, and spiritual dimensions to secure optimal development. Decision No. 3/Pdt.G/2025/PTA.Smd demonstrates practical application: the judicial panel awarded custody to the biological mother based on her superior capacity to provide appropriate care environments while preserving paternal visitation rights. The ruling simultaneously mandates financial support obligations, reinforcing continued parental accountability post-divorce. The decision effectively operationalizes child-centered legal frameworks through balanced consideration of caregiving capacity, emotional bonding, and economic responsibility.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Child Protection
  topic: keywords
subject: Child Custody
  topic: keywords
subject: Divorce
  topic: keywords
creator: Devani Elisabeth Situngkir
creator: Nurbaiti Nurbaiti
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Law and Economics https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 153
ending page: 164
doi: 10.56347/jle.v4i2.331

Personal Data Security Violations in East Jakarta Regional Elections: Legal Analysis Through Personal Data Protection Legislation
type: item
description: This research examines the personal data breach case during the East Jakarta regional elections and analyzes the legal responsibilities of the General Elections Commission (KPU) from the perspective of Law Number 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection (PDP Law). Employing a juridical-normative method, statutory-regulatory approach, and conceptual framework, this study investigates the hacking incident involving the Permanent Voters List (DPT) database by a hacker using the pseudonym "Jimbo," who allegedly accessed data of more than 200 million voters. The case violates the principle of legal protection for citizens' privacy rights, as stipulated in the 1945 Constitution and the PDP Law. Within the framework of Satjipto Rahardjo's legal protection theory, personal data protection transcends mere legal norms and must be implemented substantially to ensure justice and public security. This research concludes that KPU's negligence in ensuring cybersecurity constitutes a legal violation and demands accountability alongside strengthened digital data protection policies within Indonesia's democratic system.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Personal Data Breach
  topic: keywords
subject: Regional Elections
  topic: keywords
subject: KPU Accountability
  topic: keywords
subject: Cybersecurity
  topic: keywords
subject: Legal Protection Theory
  topic: keywords
creator: Khairul Alwan Albaldan
creator: Nin Yasmine Lisasih
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Law and Economics https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 145
ending page: 152
doi: 10.56347/jle.v4i2.330

Legal Analysis of Marriage Dispensation Requests for Minors in Cases of Premarital Pregnancy (Case Study: Decision No. 82/PDT.P/2024/PA.PROB)
type: item
description: This study investigates the dispensation of marriage for minors, a request for leniency granted by the Religious Court to prospective brides and grooms who are not yet of legal age to marry. This study intends to examine the basis for consideration used by judges in deciding and granting requests for marriage dispensation in Decision Number 82/Pdt.P/2024/PA.PROB, as well as examining the impact of marriage dispensation on mothers and children born, especially in the context of legal protection based on the Child Protection Law. In this study, a normative juridical approach is used to analyze the legal principles underlying the judge's decision and aspects of protecting children's rights. The findings suggest that the basis for judges' considerations is influenced by sociological and sharia factors, and assesses the principles of benefit and protection of the child's future. Furthermore, the impact of marriage dispensation on mothers and children carries the risk of violating children's basic rights, including the right to education, protection from violence, and the right to health, thus requiring serious attention from the legal protection system to ensure these rights are optimally protected. This research emphasizes the importance of a legal approach that prioritizes substantive justice and protection of vulnerable groups in the marriage dispensation decision-making process.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Child Protection Law
  topic: keywords
subject: Dispensation for Underage Marriage
  topic: keywords
creator: Rizky Is’Ad Zachary
creator: Nurhayani Nurhayani
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Law and Economics https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 134
ending page: 144
doi: 10.56347/jle.v4i2.329

Analysis of Child Custody Following Divorce Caused by Apostasy Under Positive Law and Islamic Legal Frameworks (Case Study: Case No. 1189/Pdt.G/2023/PA.Tnk)
type: item
description: This study examines the Tangerang Religious Court's ruling in case number 1189/Pdt.G/2023/PA.Tnk, focusing on child custody disputes arising from apostasy within marital dissolution. The research investigates how Islamic civil law operates within Indonesia's judicial framework, particularly when religious conversion becomes a determining factor in custody arrangements. Employing a normative juridical approach alongside descriptive analytical methods, the investigation draws primary data from court rulings, trial documentation, and judicial reasoning articulated by the panel of judges. Secondary sources encompass statutory regulations, Islamic jurisprudence literature, scholarly journals, and pertinent reference materials. The theoretical foundation rests on Classical Islamic Law principles articulated by Imam Syafi'i, which address the legal implications of apostasy on marital bonds and parental rights, complemented by legal interpretation frameworks developed by Dr. Yahya Harahap, SH., MH., regarding procedural justice in religious courts. The research reveals tensions between protecting children's religious upbringing and applying established custody principles that typically favor maternal care for young children. Findings demonstrate how judges navigate between statutory law, Islamic jurisprudence, and the best interests of the child when apostasy disrupts conventional custody determinations.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Gugatan
  topic: keywords
subject: Judicial Ruling
  topic: keywords
subject: Legal Pluralism
  topic: keywords
subject: Maslahah
  topic: keywords
subject: Child Custody
  topic: keywords
subject: Apostasy
  topic: keywords
creator: Brian Antonio
creator: Sri Pramudya Wardhani
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Law and Economics https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 125
ending page: 133
doi: 10.56347/jle.v4i2.328

Analysis of Unregistered Child Marriage Practices Through the Lens of Social Norms and Economic Pressures (Case Study in Sukaresmi Village)
type: item
description: Child marriage is a social phenomenon that remains quite high in Sukaresmi Village, influenced by various social and economic norms. This phenomenon occurs without official registration in accordance with the provisions of Indonesia's Marriage Law, particularly concerning the minimum age requirement of 19 years. This practice is often carried out as a community effort to address social and economic issues, especially among middle-class families and those with relatively low education levels. Economic factors serve as the primary driving force, where families with unstable and limited income choose to marry off their underage children to alleviate economic burdens and simultaneously reinforce poverty rates. On the other hand, social and cultural norms that still uphold traditional values and customary influences strengthen the perception that marriage is a matter of honor and morality in society, leading the community to accept this practice despite its legal prohibition. The existence of this unregistered marriage practice is also accompanied by a lack of legal education and literacy, as well as limited access to information and services from the government. As a result, children who marry secretly often experience school dropouts, are completely dependent on their partners, and are vulnerable to legal and social problems in the future. Therefore, strategic efforts are needed to improve legal, economic, and social norm education to reduce underage marriage practices and protect children's rights.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Secret Marriage
  topic: keywords
subject: Underage Children
  topic: keywords
subject: Social Norms
  topic: keywords
subject: Economic Demands
  topic: keywords
subject: Legal Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Sukaresmi Village
  topic: keywords
creator: Riska Riska
creator: Sri Pramudya Wardhani
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Law and Economics https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 104
ending page: 112
doi: 10.56347/jle.v4i2.326

Legal Safeguards for Government Criticism Expression on Social Media Platforms Under the 2016 Information and Electronic Transactions Law (Law No. 19/2016)
type: item
description: Advances in information technology in the digital era have given rise to social media as a new means for people to voice their opinions, including criticizing the government. However, this freedom of expression often conflicts with legal aspects, particularly the provisions of Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions (ITE), which was amended by Law Number 19 of 2016, specifically Article 27 paragraph (3) and Article 28 paragraph (2). This research aims to examine how these two articles are implemented in responding to criticism of the government conveyed through social media and the extent to which legal protection is provided to citizens. The focus of the research was directed toward the case of Bima Yudho Saputro, who was reported for criticizing conditions in his home region through TikTok. This research adopts a normative juridical method with an analytical approach to legal and case research. The findings suggest that these articles are often misinterpreted and risk criminalizing legally valid forms of criticism, despite not fulfilling the elements of a crime. Legal protection, both preventive and repressive, remains ineffective due to weak regulations, insufficient understanding among law enforcement officials, and limited public access to legal aid. Therefore, regulatory reform and institutional strengthening are needed to ensure that freedom of expression remains protected within a democratic, rule-of-law system.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Freedom of Speech
  topic: keywords
subject: ITE Law
  topic: keywords
subject: Social Media
  topic: keywords
creator: Amadeus Yves Bimoribowo
creator: Rizka Amelia Azis
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Law and Economics https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 93
ending page: 103
doi: 10.56347/jle.v4i2.324

The Professional Zakat Calculation System in Indonesia
type: item
description: The professional zakat (income zakat) calculation system in Indonesia is stipulated by two authoritative sources: the Indonesian Ulema Council (Majelis Ulama Indonesia/MUI) Fatwa No. 3 of 2003, which states that professional zakat is calculated based on net income (after basic needs are deducted) annually; and the National Zakat Agency (Badan Amil Zakat Nasional/BAZNAS) Decree No. 1 of 2024, which stipulates that professional zakat is calculated based on gross income monthly and annually. This divergence presents a fundamental problem in the application of professional zakat in Indonesia. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the professional zakat calculation system from the perspective of both MUI and BAZNAS. This study employs an empirical-normative legal research method. Primary data were obtained through interviews, and secondary data were collected from primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials, all analyzed qualitatively. The results indicate that professional zakat in Indonesia can be calculated from either net income (by deducting essential living expenses such as food, clothing, shelter, dependents’ needs including healthcare and education, and then paying 2.5% zakat if it reaches the nisab equivalent to 85 grams of gold annually), or from gross income (by paying 2.5% zakat at the time of income receipt, provided it meets the monthly nisab of IDR 6,859,349.00 or the annual nisab of IDR 82,312,725.00).
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Calculation
  topic: keywords
subject: Professional Zakat
  topic: keywords
subject: Indonesia
  topic: keywords
creator: Nunung Rodliyah
creator: Fegita Maharanny
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Law and Economics https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 113
ending page: 124
doi: 10.56347/jle.v4i2.304

Legal Protection for Children Exploited as Beggars in Bandar Lampung City
type: item
description: Child exploitation through forced begging in Bandar Lampung City constitutes a severe violation of fundamental rights, substantially undermining both physical and psychological development. Criminal networks systematically manipulate vulnerable minors for economic gain, representing a grave breach of child labor protection statutes. This research examines law enforcement mechanisms targeting exploitation perpetrators, identifies systemic barriers, and proposes enhanced legal protection frameworks. The investigation employs a sociological-juridical methodology, utilizing documentary analysis, ethnographic observations, and structured interviews with law enforcement personnel, social service practitioners, and child advocacy specialists. Analysis draws upon child protection theory and progressive jurisprudence principles. Findings reveal enforcement mechanisms remain fragmented, reactive, and institutionally unsupported. Primary impediments encompass inter-agency coordination deficits, inadequate street children documentation, and insufficient rehabilitation funding. The research advocates for policy restructuring and systematic strengthening of child protection mechanisms through interdisciplinary collaboration. The study's significance lies in advancing more integrated and effective legal safeguards for exploited children across municipal and national jurisdictions.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Child Protection
  topic: keywords
subject: Child Exploitation
  topic: keywords
subject: Law Enforcement
  topic: keywords
subject: Begging
  topic: keywords
subject: Children's Rights
  topic: keywords
creator: M. Rizki Fatulloh
creator: Rinaldy Amrullah
creator: Rini Fathonah
creator: Muhtadi Muhtadi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Law and Economics https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 82
ending page: 92
doi: 10.56347/jle.v4i2.285

Service Quality and Consumer Satisfaction at Fore Coffee: A Generation Z Study in Surabaya
type: item
description: The business world continues to evolve alongside rapid changes, particularly evident in the coffee shop sector's remarkable growth. This study aims to examine how service quality influences consumer satisfaction among Generation Z customers. The research population encompasses all Generation Z consumers in Surabaya, with a sample size of 100 respondents. Service quality serves as the independent variable, while consumer satisfaction functions as the dependent variable. Data collection utilized a questionnaire instrument, subsequently analyzed using SPSS version 26 software. Multiple linear regression was employed for data analysis. The findings demonstrate that service quality exerts a significant positive influence on Generation Z consumer satisfaction at Fore Coffee in Surabaya. The Adjusted R Square value of 64.6% provides empirical validation of these results.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Service Quality
  topic: keywords
subject: Consumer Satisfaction
  topic: keywords
subject: Generation Z
  topic: keywords
subject: Coffee Shop
  topic: keywords
subject: Fore Coffee
  topic: keywords
creator: Giovani Nesta
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Law and Economics https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 73
ending page: 81
doi: 10.56347/jle.v4i2.280

Law Enforcement of Corruption Offenses in Village Budget (APBDes) Development Sector of Salaon Dolok Village Government (Analysis of Court Decision Number: 49/Pid.Sus-TPK/2023/PN Mdn)
type: item
description: This study reviews the judicial decision of the Medan District Court Number 49/Pid.Sus-TPK/2023/PN Mdn on corruption in village fund management (APBDes) in the development sector. In this case, village officials committed authority abuse by falsifying accountability documents, diverting budgeted funds to cover up previous audit findings, and leaving planned physical infrastructure projects uncompleted. The trial's evidentiary process relied on documentary evidence including accountability reports, disbursement records, and details of suspicious transactions plus forensic audit results that confirmed state financial losses amounting to Rp383,896,956.97 as well as witness testimonies supporting these irregularities. Effective law enforcement requires a complete investigation and prosecution with coordination and sanctions proportionate to the crime so that it can serve as a deterrent for similar future acts; however, the quality of judicial decisions and public confidence are still affected by internal problems such as inconsistent integrity and professional capacity of law enforcement personnel, together with external problems such as political interference, inadequate supervision mechanisms, low community legal awareness, and insufficient witness protection. Strengthening institutional independence, inter-agency coordination, oversight intensity, and sustained legal education for communities are essential to achieving greater consistency and credibility in handling village budget corruption cases.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Law Enforcement
  topic: keywords
subject: Criminal Acts
  topic: keywords
subject: Corruption
  topic: keywords
subject: Village Funds
  topic: keywords
creator: Sintia Andayani
creator: Kusbianto Kusbianto
creator: Ida Nadirah
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sintia Andayani, Kusbianto Kusbianto, Ida Nadirah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-30
publication date: 2025-11-30
starting page: 271
ending page: 279
doi: 10.56347/jle.v4i2.41