Marriage Dispensation Orders: Judicial Product or State Administrative Decision

Views icon

15

Views

Downloads icon

3

Downloads

Altmetrics icon

Altmetrics

Abstract

The amendment to the minimum marriage age through Law Number 16 of 2019 has led to a marked rise in applications for marriage dispensation before the Religious Courts, prompting a conceptual question regarding the legal standing of such orders — whether they ought to be read purely as judicial products or as state administrative decisions. Through normative legal research employing statutory and conceptual approaches, this study analyzes the juridical character of marriage dispensation orders and examines whether they satisfy the criteria of a state administrative decision, namely concreteness, individuality, finality, and the production of legal consequences, within the framework of administrative law. The findings reveal that marriage dispensation orders carry a hybrid character: procedurally issued as judicial products by the Religious Courts, yet substantively displaying characteristics of administrative decisions given that they constitute concrete, individual, and final grants of permission. This ambiguity signals the relevance of applying the general principles of good governance (AUPB) — particularly the principles of prudence and the protection of the best interests of the child — in adjudicating dispensation cases, and leads this study to advance the conceptualization of marriage dispensation orders as a judicialized administrative act, drawing attention to the intersection between judicial authority and administrative decision-making in the Indonesian legal system.  

References

  1. Alfons, S. S., Soplanit, M., & Mail, S. M. H. (2024). Creating substantive justice in state administrative courts: A theoretical, philosophical, and human rights review. Jurnal Suara Hukum, 6(2), 298–306 https://doi.org/10.26740/jsh.v6n2.p298-306.
  2. Asshiddiqie, J. (2021). Konstitusi dan hukum demokrasi elektoral. Sinar Grafika.
  3. Buwana, S. A. N., Damanik, N., & Habib, M. (2025). Tinjauan implementasi dispensasi perkawinan. Collegium Studiosum Journal, 8(1), 51–61. https://doi.org/10.56301/csj.v8i1.1618
  4. Dewi, D. A. K. (2023). Tinjauan Hukum Islam Terhadap Dispensasi Kawin bagi Anak Dibawah Umur dalam Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 5 Tahun 2019 (Skripsi, Universitas Islam Indonesia).
  5. Fauzi, M. Y. (2022). Pergeseran paradigma pembatasan usia perkawinan dan penerapannya dalam penyelesaian perkara dispensasi kawin. El-Izdiwaj: Indonesian Journal of Civil and Islamic Family Law, 3(1), 33–49.
  6. Hadaiyatullah, S. S., & Huda, N. (2020). Praktek hukum acara dispensasi kawin. Asas, 12(1), 150–166.
  7. Hadjon, P. M. (1987). Perlindungan hukum bagi rakyat di Indonesia. Bina Ilmu.
  8. Hadjon, P. M. (2020). Hukum administrasi dan good governance. Gadjah Mada University Press.
  9. Hadjon, P. M. (2021). Pengantar hukum administrasi Indonesia. Gadjah Mada University Press.
  10. Hakim, I. R. A. (2017). Pertimbangan hakim terhadap penetapan dispensasi kawin di pengadilan agama pacitan pada tahun 2016 (Skripsi, IAIN Ponorogo).
  11. Ikawati, E., & Anisa, D. (2023). Analisis meningkatnya permohonan dispensasi kawin masa pandemi Covid-19 di Pengadilan Agama Padangsidimpuan dan Pengadilan Agama Panyabungan. Palita: Journal of Social Religion Research, 8(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.24256/pal.v8i1.3198
  12. Marzuki, P. M. (2016). Penelitian hukum. Kencana.
  13. Ridwan, H. R. (2020). Hukum administrasi negara. Rajawali Press.
  14. Sebyar, M. H. (2022). Faktor-faktor penyebab permohonan dispensasi kawin di Pengadilan Agama Panyabungan. Journal of Indonesian Comparative of Syari'ah Law, 5(1), 1–14.
  15. Soekanto, S. (2007). Pengantar penelitian hukum. UI Press.
  16. Soekanto, S., & Mamudji, S. (2001). Penelitian hukum normatif. Rajawali Pers.
  17. Susanto, S. N. (2021). Penerapan asas-asas umum pemerintahan yang baik dalam praktik peradilan di Indonesia. Administrative Law and Governance Journal, 4(3), 459–470. https://doi.org/10.14710/alj.v4i3.459-470
  18. Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan, Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1974 Nomor 1.
  19. Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan, Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2019 Nomor 186.
  20. Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2014 tentang Administrasi Pemerintahan, Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2014 Nomor 292.
  21. Undang-Undang Nomor 48 Tahun 2009 tentang Kekuasaan Kehakiman, Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2009 Nomor 157.
  22. Wiratraman, H. P. (2021). Legitimasi kekuasaan dan prosedur demokrasi dalam negara. Jurnal Hukum, 18(2), 1–10.

Author Biographies

How to Cite

Ummah, L. M. K. (2026). Marriage Dispensation Orders: Judicial Product or State Administrative Decision. Journal of Law and Economics, 5(1), 10-19. https://doi.org/10.56347/jle.v5i1.417

Article Details

  • Volume: 5
  • Issue: 1
  • Pages: 10-19
  • Published:
  • Section: Articles
  • Copyright: 2026
  • ISSN: 2963-7937

License

Articles in this journal are published under the Creative Commons Attribution Licence (CC-BY 4.0). This means that users may share and adapt the articles published on this website in a reasonable manner, but they must give appropriate credit to the creator and indicate the changes they have made. Users must not apply additional restrictions, but must publish the work under the same license (CC-BY 4.0).

Similar Articles

Similar Articles

Discover other articles with topics similar to what you're currently reading. Find more references and expand your knowledge base.

Related Articles You May Be Interested In

More Similar Articles

Normative Approach to Law and Economics in Developing...

Intan Meitasari, Suratno Suratno, Yuniwati Yuniwati

Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): NOVEMBER
Peranan Sekretaris dalam Kelancaran Administrasi pada...

Novita Wulandari, M Djamil HS

Vol. 1 No. 2 (2022): NOVEMBER 2022
Law Enforcement of Corruption Offenses in Village Budget...

Sintia Andayani, Kusbianto Kusbianto, Ida Nadirah

Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): NOVEMBER
Preventive Measures Against Non-Performing Loans:...

Siti Nurhasanah, Dewi Septiana, Kasmawati Kasmawati

Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): NOVEMBER
Most read articles by the same author(s)

Related Articles